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The Earth's Ionosphere: A Sensitive Monitor of Atmospheric Events and Solar Phenomena

Explore the ionosphere, the ionized part of Earth's upper atmosphere, which plays a crucial role in radio wave propagation and serves as a wave guide. Learn about its layers, ionospheric effects on navigation systems, radio wave refraction, and variations in ionospheric activity. Discover how the ionosphere acts as a sensitive monitor for atmospheric events and solar phenomena.

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The Earth's Ionosphere: A Sensitive Monitor of Atmospheric Events and Solar Phenomena

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  1. The Earth’s Atmosphere&Ionosphere Dr. Tiju Joseph Mathew Asst. Professor, Dept. of Physics, Christian College, Chengannur

  2. The Earth’s Atmosphere & Ionosphere • The Ionosphere • The ionized part of Earth's upper atmosphere. • Ionized by solar radiation.

  3. Electron Density Profile Ni = Ne = N Photoionization + Recombination F – Peak at 300km

  4. Layers of Ionosphere • D region • Region below 90 kms • Electrons and ions are controlled by magnetic field. • E region • Region between 90 – 150 kms • Ion movement is controlled by neutral wind & Electron movement by geomagnetic field. • F region • Region having highest concentration of free electrons and ions. • Ion movement and Electron movement is controlled by geomagnetic field.

  5. Importance of Ionospheric Studies • Sensitive Monitor of Atmospheric Events. • Sensitive Monitor of Solar Phenomena. • Wave guide for Radio wave Propagation

  6. Ionospheric Effect on Navigation System Ground based Navigation System Space based GPS system

  7. Radio Wave Refraction in Ionosphere

  8. Radio Wave Refraction in Ionosphere Critical Frequency (foF2) Peak Height (hmF2)

  9. Parameters affecting the Refractive Index • Frequency of Transmitting Wave • Number Density of Electrons The refractive index , A transmitted wave reflects when the Frequency of transmitted wave = Plasma frequency Plasma Frequency, Vertical Ionospheric Sounding

  10. Variations In Ionosphere • Regular Variations - Occurs in Cycle • Diurnal • Seasonal • Solar Cycle • Irregular Variations - Occurs Abnormally • Sudden Ionospheric Disturbances • Ionospheric Storms

  11. Diurnal Variation • Result of Earth’s Rotation Night time Photoionization Stops Recombination Begins D Vanishes F1 & F2 merges together Daytime Photoionization Begins F separated F1+F2

  12. Thank You

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