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Touch and pain Chapter 8 (cont.)

Touch and pain Chapter 8 (cont.). Somatosensation includes a variety of submodalities. Fine touch pain temperature kinesthesis joint position muscle stretch interoception. Somatosensation involves a variety of receptors. Transduction usually involves stretch.

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Touch and pain Chapter 8 (cont.)

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  1. Touch and painChapter 8 (cont.)

  2. Somatosensation includes a variety of submodalities • Fine touch • pain • temperature • kinesthesis • joint position • muscle stretch • interoception

  3. Somatosensation involves a variety of receptors

  4. Transduction usually involves stretch

  5. Input from different receptors is carried by different fibres

  6. Receptor specificity is carried into spinal cord

  7. Input from different parts of the body is segregated into dermatomes

  8. Somatosensory input ascends to cortex Ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus

  9. Submodality processing in cortex

  10. Columnar organization in cortex

  11. Barrel fields in rat cortex

  12. Somatosensory agnosias • Astereognosia – can’t recognize objects with hands • Anosognosia – deny neurological symptoms • Asomatognosia- deny ownership of body parts • Neglect – neglect of left half of body and external world in grooming, drawing, etc.

  13. The man who mistook his wife for a hat: The opera?

  14. Pain is multifaceted

  15. Pain transduction is chemosensory

  16. Central pain pathways

  17. Central pain pathways II

  18. Descending control of pain

  19. Endogenous opiates and pain control

  20. More complicated pain phenomena • Phantom limb pain • Suggests that one can experience pain without a transduction event • Chronic pain syndromes • Sometimes pain persists in the absence of any evidence of trauma

  21. Phantom limb pain • Feelings of pain, pressure, burning in missing limb • Walls’ theory does not account for facts very well • Melzack hypothesizes that there is a complex ‘neurosignature’ that composes the perception of self

  22. Merzenich and neural plasticity • Following amputation, considerable re-arrangement of neocortex takes place

  23. Merzenich (cont)

  24. Vilayanur Ramachandran • rearrangement of sensory cortex is responsible for phantom limb pain

  25. Functional imaging of somatosensory cortex in a right limb amputee (From Ramachandran, 2000)

  26. Possible treatment for phantom limb pain? • Mirror imaging of limbs

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