Let’s go to London

1. Let’s go to London

2. ‘When a man is tired of London he is tired of life.’ Dr. Samuel Johnson (He was a British author, linguist and lexicographer , 1709-1784) Dr. Johnson is still right. London is the place to be, with so many different things to do and places to visit…

3. London is a leading global city. London has a diverse range of people, cultures and religions and more than 300 languages are spoken within its boundaries. Over 9 million people live and work in London. Every year millions of visitors come to enjoy London. Everyone who arrives in London is immediately struck by the sheer energy of the place. Today we’ll try to sum up all we know and learn new facts about London.

4. London is the capital of England and the United Kingdom. The largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the EuropeanUnion. It is located on the River Thames and has been a major settlement for 2 millennia. Its history goes back to its founding by the Romans, who called it Londinium. Answers: 1b, 2f, 3c, 4g, 5e, 6a, 7d

5. Do you like travelling? • Have you ever been to Great Britain (London)? • Would you like to visit London? • What would you like to see and do there? • What famous sights have you heard of? • Do you think London is a good place for a holiday? Why? Why not?

6. What are the main countries of the UK? • Area • Population • Capital • Political

7. What do you remember about the UK? • Main countries: England, Scotland, Wales, Northen Ireland. • Area ( 244,110 sq km) • Population ( over 57 million people) • Capital ( London) • The Head of State (The Queen) • Political ( the power in the country belongs to the British Parliament and to the British Government)

9. The British Coat of Arms In the House of Lords you can see the British Coat of Arms, it is right above the Throne. What is its symbolical meaning? The shield (щит)shows the symbols of different parts of the UK: • The three lions of England • The lion of Scotland • The Irish harp (арфа) Two animals support the shield (The English lion and the Scottish unicorn(единорог)) The lion has been a symbol of the Royal power and courage since the ancient time. The unicorn symbolizes history and traditions. Above the shield there is the Royal Crown. Below the shield you can read the motto(девиз) of the Monarch - God and my right.

11. The British flag is one of the most uniquely designed flags in the word. The first Union flag was flown in 1603, when king James of Scotland also became the king of England. The Union flag represented the union between the two countries and comprised the English cross of St. George with the Scottish cross of St. Andrew. In 1801 the cross of St. Patrick was added to the flag when Ireland joined the Union. As Wales was not a kingdom but a Principality it could not be unclouded on the flag.

12. Why do we travel to the UK? • To visit new places • To meet people • To go sight seeing • To learn traditions and culture • To learn English • To visit some famous museums • To look at the queen • To go shopping • To enjoy picturesque places • To have a complete change (полная смена обстановки) • To discover new ways of life

13. What kind of interesting places are there in London? • Museums • Galleries • Churches • Squares • Theatres • Parks • Markets and shops

14. The most famous London’s Landmarks include: • Buckingham Palace • The London Eye • Piccadilly Circus • St Paul’s Cathedral • The Tower of London and Tower Bridge • Trafalgar square • National Gallery • The British museum • Westminster Abbey • Madame Tussaud’s • The Houses of Parliament • The Royal Parks: Hyde Park, St James's Park and Regent's Park.

15. What is the best way to see the UK? If you want to go to Britain you can do it in different ways. You can travel by… By air /on the plane By sea / on a ship By rail / on the train By road / in a car, on a bus Speak about advantages and disadvantages of each way of travelling.

16. Grammar focus - would(‘d) I’d like to recommend …(expressing wish) I’d rather / better travel by…(expressing preferences) I’d prefer travelling by… I think / In my opinion (giving opinion) It would be much better if we …(offering alternatives)

17. What do you need for travelling? Which of the following things you think you will need if you are going to have holidays abroad. I’ll need……………………………….. …………………………..by all means. I will also need …………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………..are not necessary. a passport, a ticket, a visa, a money belt, a sleeping bag, a map, a first aid kid, a travel guide, a health insurance, a camera, a tent, a package tour

18. a b c d e f g h

19. Different means of transport

23. London taxis are called ‘Black cabs’. Most of them are black, but not all, and these days you can see cabs painted in different colours. They look old-fashioned and clumsy but in fuck they are comfortable and speedy. Cycling in London has enjoyed a renaissance since the turn of Millenium. Cyclists enjoy a cheaper, and often quicker, way around London than these by public transport or car.

24. Locations: places on a map. Here are some of the underground stations and places in central London.

26. Main Parts of London: • The City • The City of Westminster (Westminster area) • The West End • The East End

27. LONDON QUIZ You are planning to spend summer holidays in London. You visit a famous tourist company and ask a tourist agent all possible questions concerning the trip. Role-play: A friend of yours is unwilling to go on an excursion (a trip) because he thinks it is a waste of time. Try to convince your partner that the trip will be helpful in getting o lot of knowledge.

28. Tower of London The Tower of London was started in 1066 by William the Conqueror. The oldest building on the territory of the Tower is the White Tower. This is where the kings of London once ate, slept and run the country. Throughout its 900-year history the Tower has been many things: a palace, a fortress, a prison, a place of execution and even a Zoo

29. Piccadilly Circus • Piccadilly takes its name from a stiff 17th-century collar called a Piccadilly. A tailor called Roger Baker grew rich making them and built a house nearby. • There is a bronze fountain in its centre with the famous statue of Eros, the Greek god of Love. The statue was designed in the 19th century as a symbol of Christian charity.

30. London Eye The London Eye is the tallest observation wheel in the world. It is 135 meters high. Each capsule is made of glass.

31. The Houses of Parliament It is officially known as the Palace of Westminster. The Palace of Westminster, the mother of parliaments, existed before the time of William the Conqueror. The British Parliament has two chambers. They are the House of Commons and the House of Lords. ‘Big Ben’ bell weighs 13.5 tons. It rang out for the first time in 1859. St. Stephen’s Tower is 98 m high.

32. National Gallery The National Gallery in Trafalgar Square is home for one of the greatest collections of European art in the world. It houses paintings from the 13th to early 20th centuries.

33. British Museum The largest and oldest national museums has mummies from Egypt, Roman antiquities found in the Thames, beautiful Japanese warrior’s clothes and Aztec death mask made of precious stones.

34. Madame Tussaud’s museum • There are several halls at Madame Tussaud’s. Highlights include the Grand Hall, the Chamber of Horrors and «The Spirit of London» exhibition. • It costs about 40,000 dollars to make a wax figure at Madam Tussaud’s. • Queen Elizabeth II has been modeled 17 times – more than anyone else- each time with a new head.

35. Trafalgar Square Trafalgar Square is the popular place for political rallies and meetings. The Admiral Lord Nelson’s column surveys the memorial to his great naval history in 1805 when the British navy defeated the navy of Napoleon in the Battle of Trafalgar. The Admiral’s statue looks towards the Houses of Parliament.

36. Westminster Abbey The first monarch who was crowned at the Abbey was William the Conqueror (Вильгельм Завоеватель), it happened in 1066. Westminster Abbey stands on the site where the first church was built in 1065, it was later rebuilt and enlarged, many times. Many English kings and queens and other famous statesmen, writers, scientists are buried in Westminster Abbey.

37. St. Paul’s Cathedral St. Paul’s Cathedral is a place for many state ceremonies. Every year a special service is held on the occasion of the Monarch’s birthday. In the basement of the cathedral there are the graves of some famous people including Christopher Wren himself. Christopher Wren (1632-1723) is a famous English architect.

38. Buckingham Palace The Palace was built in 1677 and received its name from the Duke of Buckingham who lived there. In 1762 King George III bought the palace as a present for his wife. The first monarch who worked and lived in the palace was Queen Victoria in the 19th century. Since then all British Monarchs have used Buckingham Palace as their working place.

39. Hyde Park The patch of land where Hyde Park lies was bought by Henry VIII from the monks of Westminster Abbey. The park got its name from the mansion of Hyde which also belonged to the Abbey and stood there.

40. The City The City of London was a place of the original Roman settlement and later commercial and trading centre. Now it is the main financial district. The Royal Exchange, the Stock Exchange, Mansion House (official residence of the Lord Mayor) the Central Criminal Court (The Old Bailey) and the Bank of England. In the centre of the City there is the Tower of London and St. Paul’s Cathedral.

41. The City of Westminster (Westminster area) Westminster area is also called the City of Westminster. It is the most important part of London where Parliament and most government offices are located. It became England’s administrative capital when the first English Parliament was called here in the 13th century. Westminster Abbey is regarded as the centre of this area. Opposite Westminster Abbey there are the Houses of parliament (Westminster Palace)

42. The West End The West End is not far from the city and is a part of Westminster. The West End is a symbol of wealth and luxury. The best hotels, the most expensive restaurants, clubs, theatres, cinemas, shops are located here. It is also full of museums and art galleries. The parks are probably the main attraction of the west End. Trafalgar square is the centre of the West End. Hyde park is the largest and the most popular of the London parks.

43. The East End The East End is the district for the working people. It is the closest area to the original Port of London. There is a great number of factories, workshops and docks there. The East End is in many ways the ‘real’ London. Those who live in the East End are often called Cockneys (true Londoners). They have got their own peculiar dialect and accent.

44. London Timeline • 43AD when the Romans arrived in Britain, London was already, a small town. Under the Romans ‘ Londinium’ became the capital of the Roman province of Britannia. • 886 King Alfred the Great United England. He captured London from the Danes and made it capital of his Kingdom. • 1666 The Fire of London destroyed much of the city. The reconstruction was organized by the architect Christopher Wren who designed St Paul’s Cathedral. • 1850 by the middle of the nineteenth century, London was the largest city in the world and the most important port. In this period it was famous for its terrible pollution • 1939-45 In Word War II, London was seriously damaged by German bombing • 1980 in the last 20 years, the old port area has been rebuilt. There are big new skyscrapers and the Millennium Dome, the largest dome in the world, which was finished in 1999. In 2000 it held the millennium exhibition. • 2011 London is still a world centre of finance and business and the most cosmopolitan city in the world.