1 / 34

MULTI STOREY CAR PARKING

MULTI STOREY CAR PARKING. BY: KHAIRUNNUR BT MD SHAKRI NUUR LAILY BT KHAIRUDDIN. MULTI STOREY CAR PARKING.

rli
Download Presentation

MULTI STOREY CAR PARKING

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. MULTISTOREY CARPARKING BY: KHAIRUNNUR BT MDSHAKRI NUUR LAILY BTKHAIRUDDIN

  2. MULTI STOREY CARPARKING • A multi-storey car park or a parking garage is a building (or part thereof) which is designed specifically to be for automobile parking and where there are a number of floors or levels on which parking takesplace • It is essentially a stacked parking lot • It is limited to 5 till 6 stories with the total capacity up to 500 cars perlot • Apply multiple access and exit system to avoid traffic congestion in andout

  3. MULTI STOREY CARPARKING • Criteria for the quality multi storey car parksare; • safety inuse • clearvisibility • parking-space marking to enable driversto remember the location of theirvehicles • integration into the context of townplanning • clear views to theoutside • good natural lighting andventilation

  4. MULTI STOREY CARPARKING • GENERALGUIDELINES • Basement parking • Appropriate for residential area, apartment, commercial complex, office complex and for area around airport that has building high controllimit • Podium parking • For medium and high density residential area, plus, office complex. Ground level until level4areusedfortheparkingarea,whileresidentialunitS,officeandotherfunctional spaces are located above the parkinglevel • Independent building for multi storey carparking • For all building types that have large and adequate area for parking, such as low cost apartment, trade and city center, park and ride system at LRT station or railway station, bus station, institution, sport complex andmosque • Normally built separately if the building function isdifferent • Roof topparking • Appropriate for shopping complex (less that 5 stories) because it saves cost compared to basementparking • Source: Department of Town and CountryPlanning

  5. MULTI STOREY CARPARKING MECHANICAL ELEVATOR/ AUTOMATED PARKING TYPES OF PARKING clearway system RAMPS SYSTEM CONVENTIONAL PARKING /SELF PARKING adjacent types Straight 30 curve layout 45 FLOOR SYSTEM split 60 paraller perpendicular sloping

  6. CONVENTIONALPARKING RAMPSYSTEM 1) Clearwayparking • Interfloor travel path completely separated from potentially conflicting parking – unparkingmovements clearway rampsystem • Provide safest movement with leastdelay • • Preferred for self parkdesign Feasible for small garagesites

  7. RAMPSYSTEM • 2) Adjacentparking • Part or all of ramp travel is performed on accessaisles • Requires less area per parkingstall • Twofold use of travelpaths • Feasible for smaller landparcel • More susceptible to traffic movement delays • Has potential in causingaccident Adjacent-parking rampsystems

  8. RAMPDESIGN • 1) Opposed rampdesign • Vehicles rotate in the samedirection • Up and down ramps in opposite direction • Required ramp surfaces to be opposed • The operation issafer opposed rampdesign 2)Parallel • Up and down ramp slope in thesame • direction • Ramp surfaces areparallel • Vehicles must rotate inopposite • direction • Cheaper to construct parallel rampdesign

  9. Parkinglayout • PARALLEL • parallel parking requires experience, confidence, andpatience • Parking spaces (min); • 7.5 meterslong • 2.75 meterswide. • Advantages • Works well in extremely narrow, linearspaces • Requires minimum pavementarea • Disadvantages • Difficult maneuvering for mostdrivers • Less than ideal visibility of adjacenttraffic • Inefficient use of on-streetspace

  10. Angle90° • effective in low turnover rate or long term parking areas, the perpendicular, or 90 degree parking configuration is the most efficient and economical since itaccommodates the most vehicles per linearmeter. • Standard dimensions for this configurationare: Description Parking space width Parking space length Driving aisle width(2-way) Two rows plus aislewidth vehicles per 100 linear meter doublerow Dimension 2.75meters 6meters 7meters 19 metersV 82 Degree Parking Dimensions andGeometry

  11. Angle90° • Advantages • Works well with either one- or two-way aisles • Handles the most vehicles per square meter ofpavement • Handles most vehicles per linearmete r • Disadvantages • Requires widestarea • Difficult maneuvering for somedrivers • Two-way traffic can create some visibilityproblems 90 Degree ParkingPattern

  12. Angle60° • ideal for a fast turnover rate or predominantly shortterm use • often offset by difficulties of inefficient circulationpatterns and one-wayaisles • Standard dimensions for this configurationare: Description Dimension Parking space width Parking space length Driving aisle width(1-way) Two rows plus aislewidth Vehicles per 100 linear meter doublerow 2.75meters 6meters 5.5meters 16.5meters 65.6 60 Degree Parking Dimensions and Geometry

  13. Angle60° • Advantages • in and out of parkingspaces • Goodvisibility • Lends itself to either one-or two-wayaisles • Most common short term parkingconfiguration • Disadvantages • Requires more pavement per vehicle than perpendicularconfiguration • Handles less vehicles per linearmeter 60 Degree Parking One-way and Two-way Patterns

  14. Angle45° The 45 degree angled parking configuration displays similar benefits and limitations as the 60degree. Standard dimensions for this configurationare: Description Dimension Parking space width Parking space length Driving aisle width(1-way) Two rows plus aislewidth 2.75meters 6meters 4.5meters 14meters Vehicles per 100 linear meter double row52.5 45 Degree Parking Dimensions andGeometry

  15. Angle45° • Advantages • Reduced width requirements forlayout • Easy maneuvering in and out of parking spaces • Good visibility to the rear • Disadvantages • Doesn't work well with two-wayaisles • Requires more pavement per vehicle than perpendicular parkingconfiguration 45 Degree ParkingPattern

  16. Angle30° • Standard dimensions for this configurationare: Description Parking space width Parking space length Driving aisle width(1-way) Two rows plus aislewidth Dimension 2.75meters 6meters 7meters 19meters Vehicles per 100 linear meter double row39.4 30 Degree Parking Dimensions andGeometry

  17. Angle30° • Advantages • Easyparking • Reduced width requirements forlayout • Disadvantages • Requires the most pavement pervehicle • Doesn't work well with two-wayaisles 30 Degree ParkingPattern

  18. Types oframp • 1) Straightramp • Usually rectangular shaped with ramp well along the structure’s longer sidedimension • more horizontal distance is required to satisfy ramp grade criteria than accommodate vehicular movement between rampends • Requires less floor area and simple to construct • Economical space on lot that is longand • narrow

  19. Cause difficulties to get on and off straight ramp (Sharpturn) • Having two ways circulation lanes on parking floor may behazardous • Up and down circulation lanes intersect on the parking floor unless the floor area is so large that each circulation can be kept within its own half on one-waylanes

  20. curveramp • Single surfaces that permits vehicles to travel on a continuous helical path between parkinglevels • Movement; • Up-counterclockwise Down-counterclockwise • Entrance and exit in theside • Opposite side of rampoil • Directly above each other on succeedingfloor • Should be clearwaytype • Continuous- 360º of rotation between two parking levels • Located near corners of rectangular structure to minimize floor space loss but required more space than straight ramp.(fit narrow site but waste more spaces)

  21. costly toconstruct • Offer better traffic operation by providing gradual turning as compared to sharp turning movement usually required at ends of straight ramp • Super elevation at ends of straightramp • create undesirable wrapping of floorareas • No crossing of up and down traffic, even at parking floorconnection • Each traffic stream confined to its own ramp all the way from the top to bottom of the building • Diameter of ramp is controlled by required turning radiuS (min 45ft) • Driver have a clear view each way eventhere • is a crossing of traffic at each parkingfloor Functional plan fortwin-spiral garage

  22. FLOORSYSTEM • 1) SPLIT-LEVEL OR STAGGERED FLOORSYSTEMS • Floor levels in one section is staggered vertically by one half story from thosein adjacentsections • Applicable to small, high-cost siteswhere maximum use of space must beachieved • Advantages • Construction is relativelysimple • The design fits well on rectangularsites • Efficient in terms of floor space pervehicle • parkingstall • Disadvantages • Frequent conflicts may arise between circulating traffic and parking andun-parking vehicles Splitsystem

  23. Two-way staggered-floor rampsystem Tandem staggered-floor rampsystem This staggered-floor system provides parking on level floors and desirable one-way traffic flow- COMMONTYPE Three-level staggered-floor rampsystem

  24. FLOORSYSTEM • 2) SLOPING-FLOORSYSTEMS • Consist of sloping levels (fullwidth ramp/continuousramp) • Contains two adjacent parkingmodules tilted in oppositedirections • Well-suited to self-parkoperations • Advantages • The relatively flat floor slope permits comfortable parking and pedestrianwalking • Each entering customer has an opportunity to park in the first available space asparking is adjacent to the interfloor circulation system • Floor-to-floor travel distance is greater in sloping-floor garages than in other typesof rampgarages Plan view of sloping floorsystems • Disadvantages • Cause congestion during peakout-bound movements Basic sloping-floorconcept

  25. Sloping –floor system with crossover ramp of midpoint Double sloping-floor system with midpointcrossover

  26. AUTOMATEDPARKING • Automated parking is a method of automatically parking and retrievingcars typically using a computerised systemof pallets, lifts andcarriers • Most suitable on expensive sites and where land is very limited- too small foreconomical development with a rampparking • advantages: • increase capacity ; high space utilization due to lower ceiling height, denseparking, and reduce spacewidth • no ventilation or HVAC required;saving utilitycosts • eliminates stairs, elevators and fireexits • enhance safety andsecurity • typically requires less building volume and less ground area than a conventionalfacility with the samecapacity

  27. AUTOMATEDPARKING • Disadvantages: • - cost ; operation andmaintenance • Many structural and functional types of automated mechanical systems exist,such as: • underground systems as part ofthe buildingfoundation • above grade where they can match neighboring buildings in architectural appearance

  28. STANDARD ANDREGULATION Ramp break overangle • Measure ability of the car to break over the steep ramp either climbing or descending withoutscrapping • (Min10º) • Can be altered through designtechniques • Transitional blend top and bottom of rampscomposed of two or more break point can multiply the steepness with workable break angles beyond the normal capacities of cars ordriver • Having pad of asphalt or concrete each side of break point so that the cars having low break over anglecan negotiate potential critical points withoutscrapping Angle ofapproaches • Angle ofdeparture • Min10º • To reduce incident of tailpipe and rearbumping dragging • Angle ofapproaches • Min 15º Angle ofdeparture

  29. STANDARD AND REGULATION Rampslopes • Max15% • For slopes over 10%, transition at least 8 feet long should be provided ateach end of the ramp at one half the slope of the rampitself • Ramp gradestransition • Min 12 foot long = 1/2 of rampgrade Rampwidth One way straightramp Two way straightramp Circularramp - - - min 12feet min 22feet min 14-18feet • Rampradius • Single lanehelicalramp - min 32 -37feet • Must kept min to conserve space and reduce traveldistance • Very sharp can causedizzy • Ramp turn superelevation • ½ inch/foot of ramp width at sharpestturning • Ramp curves not toosteeply • Slow driver- difficult to keep way from inside edge of ramppavement • Fast driver- encourage to speed greater than conditions of gradeand • sight distance safetypermit

  30. STANDARD AND REGULATION Drivewayexits a) Ramp driveway exit rising up to publicsidewalk • have transition section min 16 feet long at almost levelbefore intersecting thesidewalk Prevent hood of the car from obscuring the driver’s view of pedestrians onwalk • b) Property linewall • Must not interfere with the driver’s view of pedestrian on public side walk. If exit driveway is parallel and adjacent to the property line that extends all the way to side walk, edge of the driveway should physically establish by curbing orrailing. min 6 feet from thewall. • • Rampgrades • Computedby : floor to floor height x100 Ramplength • Max ramp grades: a) self parkdesign - not exceed 15% • - not exceed than 10% if had a pedestrian walkway on vehicles ramp • sloping floor self parkdesign • ramp grades max4% • angle parking 60º-minimizes gravity roll back ofvehicles

  31. Rampappearance • Architectural and opticaleffect • Rampwall • Painted with stripes contrasting to wallcolor • Parallel to ramp surfaces or at steeperangles • Use paint marking in between vertical column and travelway • Built structural features with architectural lines parallel or perpendicular to rampsurfaces • Rampstructures • Open ; to provide sight distance and reduce closed inimpression • Rampillumination • Wall opening are restricted-distract the driver’sview • Artificial lighting should take form of diffusedillumination • Reflector should pointed away from the direction oftravel • Signs andWayfinding • Color-coding, numbering, visual cues, music, and even machines for marking your ticket with your exact location to locate your car for easyretrieval • Locate signs in areas where driver can read in a timelyfashion • Clear, simple, and directmessages • Floor coding can beuseful • Signage should locate all major internal pedestrian access points as well as external major roads andbuildings

  32. Vehiclecontrol • Feecollection • Fixed or variable charged pay onexit • Barriercapacity • 2 barrier typesavailable • Risingarm • Risingkerb • Entrybarrier • Exitbarrier 400vehicles/hour 250vehicles/hour • Lighting • Services illumination for public should be(lux); Parking areas Driveways Ramps Roof Entrance andexit 20 50 70 20 150 Interior view of multi storey carparking

  33. Security andsafety • Open, glass stairwells and glass-backedelevators • Securitydevices • video, audio and emergency buttons that call into the booth or local policestation • Publictelephones • Eliminate potential hiding places, such as under openstairs • Handicap accessibility with vehicles close to stair and elevator cores have a direct path to key movement patterns of thegarage • ventilation • avoid carbon monoxide build-up, designed adequate air flow forthrough mechanical and/ornatural • Non-slip floorsurface • ensure safety of movement of the man andautomobile • Energy efficiency inlighting • balance between day lighting, interior lighting and exterior control especially on the exterior design of the façade while providing adequate lightingwithin • Lights should be vandal resistant and easy tomaintain.

  34. Fire andprecaution • Structural fireresistance • Use non-combustible materials in the construction with structural fire requirement 1 hour in specific restricted circumstances requirement for structural fire requirement may be waived for building less than 15.2mhigh • Eg: Cast in place concrete, pre-cast concrete and structuralsteel • Means ofescape • All parking spaces within 45.7 m of escape stairway having 1 hour firerequirement • Fireprecaution • Haveadequate • fire bridgeaccess • Dry rising main • Fire points

More Related