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Development Across the Life Span

Development Across the Life Span. Chapter 5 Pages 140-173. Human Development. The scientific study of the changes that occur in people as they age, from conception to death. Nature vs. nurture Examples. Genetic Influences. Each cell we have contains 23 chromosomes – rod-shaped structures

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Development Across the Life Span

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  1. Development Across the Life Span Chapter 5 Pages 140-173

  2. Human Development • The scientific study of the changes that occur in people as they age, from conception to death. • Nature vs. nurture • Examples

  3. Genetic Influences • Each cell we have contains 23 chromosomes – rod-shaped structures • These structures are made up of DNA – special molecule that contains the genetic material of the organism

  4. DNA • DNA strands consist of particular patterns of amines known as genes – a section of DNA having the same arrangement of chemical elements • Dominant vs. Recessive genes • Examples

  5. Those are biological factors, what are some environmental factors that influence our development? • Family • Friends • Media • School • City vs. Rural Video

  6. Developmental Psychology • Continuity or discontinuity • Stability or change • Physical development • Cognitive development • Psychosocial development • Read all three on page 143 – Which are continuous? Which are stable? Aging video

  7. Critical periods • A time when a child is developmentally most susceptible to the presence or absence of particular stimuli in the environment and must progress to the next stage of development if development is to continue normally • Genie’s captivity

  8. Sensitive periods • A time when a child is susceptible to stimuli and receptive to learning from particular types of experiences • The difference between critical and sensitive periods are that if the child does not develop during sensitive periods, there is more likelihood of “catching up” later on • Practice quiz page 146

  9. Prenatal care • Does it matter what your mom does while you are in the womb??

  10. Prenatal, infant, and childhood development • Conception – moment at which a sperm and an egg unite to form a single cell • Conception to birth – 9 months • Fertilization – union of the ovum and sperm in the fallopian tube

  11. How do cells become babies?! • Germinal period – first two weeks after fertilization, during which the zygote moves down to the uterus and begins to implant in the lining • Embryonic period – 2-8 weeks after fertilization, during which the major organs and structures of the organism develop • Fetal period – 8 weeks after to birth, growth Pages 148-149

  12. Prenatal Hazards • Teratogen – any factor that can cause birth defects • How many can we name? • Page 148

  13. Developing skills • By age 1, the average infant has tripled its birth weight and added another foot to its height. The brain triples its weight in the first 2 years, reaching about 75 percent of its adult weight. By age 5, the brain is at 90 of its adult weight.

  14. Piaget’s Stage of Development • Worksheet

  15. Piaget’s Stages of Development • Assimilation – understanding new things in terms of schemes one already possesses. • Orange and apple • Accommodation – altering or adjusting old schemes to fit new information and experiences

  16. Piaget’s Stages of Development • Sensorimotor stage - infants • Object permanence – knowledge that an object exists even when it is not in sight • Peek-a-boo

  17. Piaget’s Stages of Development • Preoperational stage – ages 2-7 • Egocentrism – inability to see the world through anyone else’s eyes • Centration – the tendency of a young child to focus only on one feature of an object while ignoring relevant features • Water in a glass video

  18. Piaget’s Stages of Development • Concrete operations stage – ages 7-12 • More logical about Santa Claus • Cannot think of abstract things like freedom but concrete concepts are understood

  19. Piaget’s Stages of Development • Formal operations – ages 12 – adulthood • What if questions

  20. Language Development • Kids experience what is known as EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE DELAY – seem to understand far more language than they can produce

  21. 5 Stages of Language Development • 1. Cooing • 2. Babbling • 3. One-Word Speech • 4. Telegraphic speech • 5. Whole Sentences

  22. Harlow’s Experiment • Read about on page 158 • Answer question • Video

  23. Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development • 1. infant • 2. toddler • 3. preschool age • 4. elementary school age • 5. adolescence • 6. early adulthood • 7.middle adulthood • 8. late adulthood • Practice Quiz page 161

  24. Adolescence • Puberty – the physical changes in both primary and secondary sex characteristics that occur as part of sexual development • Adolescence happens from the beginning of puberty to the early 20’s

  25. Adolescence • Different across cultures • Quinceanera – 15th birthdays in Latin America. Girls start wearing high heels and instead of dancing with their fathers dance with male friends • Bar or Bat Mitzvah – 13th birthday for Jewish kids

  26. Adolescence • Primary sex characteristics – sex organs • Secondary sex characteristics – body hair, voice changes • Starts around 10 for females and 12 for boys

  27. Adolescent Thinking • The frontal lobes are still developing – used for reasoning, organizing, decision making • Teens are also egocentric – think about themselves and think other people think about them, also

  28. Personal fable • Adolescents believe they are special or unique, and nobody can understand them. • “It cant happen to me, I’m special”

  29. Imaginary audience • Self-consciousness – think that everybody cares what they wear, do, act, etc…

  30. Peer Pressure • Erik Erikson believed that teens who have found themselves or resolved conflicts are less likely to engage in unhealthy or illegal activities • Feel less need to fit in, join gangs, or rebel Video

  31. Generativity • Focus is outward • Happens in adulthood – after finding intimacy • Guidance to one’s children or the next generation through career or volunteer work

  32. Class discussion • Are parents creating a society of “wimps” by protecting them from failures and giving them everything they want?

  33. Write it down! • Write down 5 stereotypes that kids have about adults • Write down 5 stereotypes adults might have for kids. • Compare with a partner when finished.

  34. Generativity • Parents who cannot focus outward are dealing with unresolved conflicts • These parents focus on their own needs instead of their children’s – they are stagnated

  35. Ego Integrity • Happens in late adulthood • Coming to terms with losses, gains, letting go of regrets, and the final completion of the ego

  36. Physical changes in adults • Menopause – the cessation of ovulation and menstrual cycles and the end of a woman’s reproductive capability - hot flashes • Andropause – gradual changes in the sexual hormones and reproductive system of middle-aged males

  37. Why does aging occur? • Cellular clock theory – cells are limited in the times they can reproduce and repair • Wear and tear theory – stress, physical exertion, and bodily damage cause aging. Collagen, a tissue, wears out and becomes wrinkled • Free radical theory – Oxygen molecules stealing electrons and bouncing around

  38. Activity Theory • Those who stay involved live longer • Stimulate the brain • Those who are shut off and do not participate for many reasons do not live as long • “Use it or lose it”

  39. Stages of Death • Denial • Anger • Bargaining • Depression • Acceptance • There is not “right” or “wrong” way to die

  40. Death • Old people aren't the only people who die • SIDS – sudden infant death syndrome • Adolescent’s decisions because of personal fables – it wont happen to me. Texting and driving

  41. On your iPad • 1. Write your own obituary • 2. Would you want to know right now the age you will die at? Explain. • 3. What does it mean to have a midlife crisis? Why do people go through this? • After your finished – practice quiz on page 170

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