REVIEW

1. REVIEW Narration & Description

2. Glossary • thesis • chronological order • simile (with examples) • metaphor (with examples) • personification (with examples) • hyperbole (with examples) • emphatic order • spatial order • topic sentence

3. transitional words (transitions) • flashback • fiction • dramatic structure • first-person approach • memoir • narration • description • cliché

4. Answer the Questions according to the paragraphs provided (1)At my graduation they gave me a ring with the same setting but different stones. It’s just a simple white gold hoop hugging my middle finger. But then there are the stones set in the middle, two white sapphires and one blue. What is significant about this ring is not the symbolism or the look of the ring, but rather the story of how my grandfather came to possess the stones in World War II.

5. What is the thesis statement of the essay?

6. (2)Astronomers use three basic types of telescopes to explore the vastness of space. To begin with, the refractor telescope uses two lenses—one to collect light from a distant object and bring it in focus, and another in the eyepiece to magnify the image. Furthermore, there is the reflector telescope, which makes use of concave mirror instead of a lens to reflect light rays to the upper end of the telescope. Last, and perhaps most important in terms of studying phenomena outside the Earth’s atmosphere, is the radio telescope, with gathers waves with a wire antenna serving as a parabolic reflecting surface. The discovery of mysterious quasars and pulsars was made possible by this kind of telescope.

7. 2. What is the type of order used? • Please specify the words indicting this type of order. • What transitional words/phrases are used?

8. (3)Suddenly, I wanted to write about that, about the warmth and good feeling of it, but I wanted to put it down simply for my own joy, not for Mr. Fleagle. It was a moment I wanted to recapture and hold for myself. I wanted to relive the pleasure of an evening at New Street. To write it as I wanted, however, would violate all the rules of formal composition I’d learned at school, and Mr. Fleagle would surely give it a falling grade. Never mind. I would write something else for Mr. Fleagle after I had written this thing for myself.

9. What order does the writer use in describing the incidents in his narrative? • Is this paragraph subjective or objective? • What is the tense employed in this paragraph? Please explain why.

10. (4)_______________________________________. The first one that most people are familiar with is the “desk dictionary,” sometimes referred to as a general-purpose dictionary. Another kind is the pronouncing dictionary, which is concerned with a word’s pronunciation more than with its meaning. A third type is the bilingual dictionary, which lists the words in one language and attempt to give equivalent meanings in another language. Other types include technical dictionaries, special-purpose dictionaries, and scholarly dictionaries.

11. After a careful reading of this paragraph, please write an appropriate topic sentence. • What transitional words/phrases are used?

12. (5)To begin with, each year the Swedish Academy of sciences (physics and chemistry) and the Carline Medical Institute (physiology and medicine) solicit nearly 2,000 recommendations from past laureates, university professors, and other experts from all over the world. After the first step is the review of recommendation received and the selections of preliminary candidates by special committees within the two Swedish institutions. The committee members are specially instructed that those chosen “shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind,” and that no consideration be given to the candidates’ nationalities. In his will, Alfred Nobel left specific instructions as to how the winners of the science awards he endowed are to be selected. Next, after lengthy investigation and discussion, the choices are made for each discipline. Finally, telegrams informing them of their awards are sent to the new Nobel laureates about one month prior to the award ceremony.

13. The topic sentence is not explicitly stated at the beginning of the paragraph; on the contrary, it is within the paragraph. Please identify it. • What order does the writer use in his paragraph? • Please specify the transitional words/ phrases indicting this type of order.

14. (6)In the morning they awoke outside another Howard Johnson’s, and this time Vingo went in. the girl instead that he join them. He seemed very shy and ordered black coffee and smoked nervously, as the young people chattered about sleeping on the beaches. When they were back on the bus, the girl sat with Vingo again, and after a while, slowly and painfully and with great hesitation, he began to tell his story. He had been in jail in new York for the last four years, and now he was going home.

15. Please find out at least two pieces of evidence in this paragraph to support the idea that Vingo seemed very shy.

16. (7)The young woman in that picture has a face that resembles my own in many ways. Her face is a bit oval than mine, but the softly waving brown hair around it is identical. The small, straight nose is the same mode I was born with. My great-grandmother’s mouth is closed, yet there is just the slightest hint of a smile on her full lips. I know that if she had smiled, she would have shown the same wide grin and down-curving “smile-lines” that appear in my own snapshots. The most haunting feature in the photo, however, is my great-grandmother’s eyes. They are an exact duplicate of my own large, dark brown ones. Her brows are plucked into thin lines, which are like two pencil strokes added to highlight those fine, luminous eyes.

17. What methods of organization does this paragraph use? • Which sentence in this paragraph suggests the method of organization saving the primary for last?

18. (8)Past the small concrete patio behind our house was a typical yard that suffered from crab grass and a chain-like fence. Behind the fence was a dirt alley that would fill with billowing dust when cars or trucks drove by too quickly. But beyond that was green—the vibrant, verdant green of trees and tall pasture grass that created a stark contrast to he dull, brown exterior of our neighborhood.

19. What methods of organization does this paragraph use? • What words in this paragraph suggests this method of organization? What are the descriptive details the writer uses to contrast the area past the dirt alley with his neighborhood?

20. (9)Seeing Iraq has changed my outlook on life. I wish that I could share it with you all firsthand—so that you too may experience the people and appreciate the gift we have in being Americans. . . . I will always remember that little boy each and every time I want to complain about my life . . . each time I gripe about the bills for my electricity, water, food and clothing. We are truly the lucky ones.

21. This is a paragraph adapted form the essay “A Letter from the Desert” Please identify the thesis of this paragraph.

22. (10) Many times the cars were jammed with people, like the clown car at the circus. I wondered how the car could run at all. As the convoy passed, the people vigorously waved and smiled. Some gave us the “thumbs up” sign to convey their support . . . I happily waved back. The men are like the children. They waved and clapped and said “Thank you.” . . . The children upset me the most. They were dirty and skinny, but they had the most incredible smiles. Their clothes looked like hand-me-downs. I didn’t see one child with what appeared to be new clothes.

23. What method of organization is used in this paragraph? • What are the similes employed in this paragraph?

24. (11) In the first place, in the warmth of the inner Solar System, a comet releases clouds of vapor and dust that form the glowing head and than leak into the tail, which is the cosmic equivalent of an oil slick. Pieces of the dust later hit the Earth, as meteors. The last sort of pollution, perhaps the most commonly seen pollution, takes place when a few survivors among the comets evolve into menacing lumps of dirt in tight orbits around the sun. For the above-mentioned reasons, comets are, in my opinion, best regarded as a conspicuous form of sky pollution.

25. 21. Please identify the thesis of this paragraph. 22. What method of organization is used in this paragraph? 23. Which sentence in this paragraph suggests this method of organization?

26. ORDERS • ascending (emphatic) order Emphatic order signifies a type of organization saving the most important, complex, colorful, or memorable details till the last. Readers are left with a strong impression of the most effective details.

27. chronological (time) order Chronological order presents details in the order they actually occurred. It is very effective and is commonly used in an event and a narrativeessay.

28. spatial order Spatial order refers to describing a place or an object in a way that a reader can clearly picture the various details. In this order, the writer describes the larger elements of a scene first, and moves to a description of the smaller details.