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World War I and the Russian Revolution (1914–1924) Topic 10 Lesson 4 Revolution in Russia

World War I and the Russian Revolution (1914–1924) Topic 10 Lesson 4 Revolution in Russia. World War I and the Russian Revolution (1914–1924) Lesson 4 Revolution in Russia. Learning Objectives. Explain the causes of the February (March) Revolution.

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World War I and the Russian Revolution (1914–1924) Topic 10 Lesson 4 Revolution in Russia

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  1. World War I and the Russian Revolution (1914–1924) Topic 10 Lesson 4 Revolution in Russia

  2. World War I and the Russian Revolution (1914–1924) Lesson 4 Revolution in Russia Learning Objectives • Explain the causes of the February (March) Revolution. • Describe the goals of Lenin and the Bolsheviks in the October Revolution. • Summarize the outcome of the civil war in Russia. • Analyze how Lenin built a Communist state in the Soviet Union.

  3. World War I and the Russian Revolution (1914–1924) Lesson 4 Revolution in Russia Key Terms • proletariat • soviets, • V. I. Lenin • Cheka, • commissars

  4. Causes of the February Revolution • Roots of Discontent • Russia is slow to industrialize, small upper class controls the govt. and economy. Peasants are very poor, very small middle class • Tsar Nicholas II allows the creation of a Duma, a legislative body, in 1905 but doesn’t allow for his power to be eroded • Many plots for revolution, Marxists are trying to get proletariat to join, they are factory and railroad workers, miners • World War I Intensifies Discontent • Russian pride comes out at the start of war but with troops not having enough supplies things and Nicholas II coming to the front, things get worse. He also leaves his wife Alexandra in charge back home • She takes the advice of a self proclaimed holy man named Rasputin. This will weaken the confidence of the people that a group of nobles kill him December 29, 1916 to save the crown

  5. Causes of the February Revolution • Tsar Nicholas II Steps Down • By March 1917 the monarchy is on the brink of collapse • There is battlefield losses, fuel and food shortages, and workers going on strike • Demonstrators are chanting for bread in the streets and the government cannot get the military to fire on them. • The tsar will abdicate the throne and the Duma will set up a temporary government • Russia will continue to fight Germany

  6. Causes of the February Revolution This photo shows the Russian royal family—Tsar Nicholas II, his wife Tsarina Alexandra, and their children—in 1914. Four years later, they would all be murdered as a result of revolution and civil war.

  7. Lenin Leads the Bolsheviks • The Making of a Revolutionary • Lenin is born to a middle class family. When he is 17 his brother is tried and hanged for plotting to kill the tsar. • He will study Karl Marx and spread his ideas during demonstrations and with factory workers. He works with Nadezhda Krupskaya and other socialists • Lenin and Krupskaya will be arrested and sent to Siberia where they will marry. Then they will be exiled to Switzerland • Lenin Adapts Marxism • Marx calls for the proletariat to rise up in revolution, but Russia doesn’t have a large one so Lenin will call for an small elite group to rise up in its place. He will name it Bolsheviks meaning majority. • Western European Socialists will think socialism will come via reform like higher wages, social warfare reform

  8. Lenin Leads the Bolsheviks • Lenin Adapts Marxism • Mensheviks, another group of Russian socialists agree with that plan. The Bolsheviks reject it. • Germany sees Russia on the brink of revolution and decides to help it along. In March 1917 Germany sends Lenin via train back to Russia and he gets there in April and is greeted by socialist.

  9. Lenin Leads the Bolsheviks Vladimir Ilyich Lenin took his revolutionary ideas directly to the people, addressing crowds in the streets.

  10. The October Revolution Brings the Bolsheviks to Power • Causes of the October Revolution • The provisional government will continue the war and not deal with land reform. • Russians are tired of war, troops are deserting, peasants want land and workers want an end to shortages • Kerensky Offensive against Germany will lead to munity • The Bolsheviks Seize Power • Nov 1917 armed factory workers with mutinous sailors will help Lenin overthrow the provisional government in St. Petersburg. • Moscow will take a week of fighting to overthrow and become the capital of the Bolsheviks • Lands will be given to peasants, the factories given to work, the flag will be a hammer and sickle to signify peasants and workers • Bolsheviks will change their names to communists

  11. The October Revolution Brings the Bolsheviks to Power Crowds gather in Dvortsovyi Square, Saint Petersburg, to support the Bolshevik cause on May 1, 1917.

  12. Civil War Erupts in Russia • The Opposing Forces • Civil War rages for 3 years between the Reds and the Whites • Reds are communists and Whites are tsarist officers, Mensheviks, democrats, and others who wished to defeat the Bolsheviks • The Allies will support the Whites, but it will only feed mistrust in the West later on. • Counter revolutionaries will try and kill Lenin, the Communists will kill Czar Nicholas II and his family • Terror and War Communism • Communists are going to use a secret police force to control their people and terrorize the Whites. They will also have forced labor camps called Gulags. • They will also take over banks, take all the food for the army and cities, take laborers to work in factories or serve in army. • Trotsky will turn the Red Army into an effective army by use of threats and using czarist officers with someone watching them

  13. Civil War Erupts in Russia A crusading white knight slays the red dragon in this Russian civil war propaganda poster. Its title is “For a United Russia.” Draw Conclusions Which side in the Russian civil war made this poster? Why?

  14. The Communist Soviet Union Emerges • New Government, Old Problems • The USSR had most of the territory from before. They have a socialist and democratic constitution. All political power resources and means of production would belong the workers and peasants • The real power however was kept by the Communist party. The used secret police like the czar and Russia dominated others • Lenin Abandons War Communism • 1921 Lenin adopts New Economic Policy. It allows for some small business to be capitalist, but not banks or large industries • By 1928 food production is restored to prewar levels and the standard of living has gone up as well. • Stalin Comes to Power • Lenin dies in 1924, he is 54. Trotsky and Stalin are the top candidates to take over. Trotsky is more polished than Stalin. Stalin can work a backroom well. Stalin strips Trotsky of party membership and has him killed in Mexico

  15. The Communist Soviet Union Emerges Analyze Maps Russia was by far the largest of the various republics that made up the Soviet Union. How do you think nationalism affected the Soviet Union?

  16. The Communist Soviet Union Emerges The hammer and sickle, the emblem of the Soviet Union, represented the union between the urban industrial workers (the hammer) and the rural peasants (the sickle).

  17. Quiz: Causes of the February Revolution Which of the following factors was a cause of Russia’s March Revolution ? A. Russia’s economy remained solely focused on agriculture. B. Nicholas was a strong ruler who used force to impose his authority. C. Russia experienced food and fuel shortages and huge casualties in World War I. D. The outbreak of war in 1914 fueled national pride and united Russians.

  18. Quiz: Lenin Leads the Bolsheviks How did Lenin plan to apply Marxism to Russia? A. by putting Mensheviks in charge of government policy B. by spontaneously overthrowing capitalism C. by creating an elite Socialist ruling party to lead a revolution D. by instituting widespread suffrage reform

  19. Quiz: The October Revolution Brings the Bolsheviks to Power How did the Russian provisional government contribute to the outbreak of the October Revolution? A. by restoring power to the tsar B. by redistributing land to peasants C. by keeping Russia in World War I D. by giving Lenin a position of leadership

  20. Quiz: Civil War Erupts in Russia How was Lenin’s “war communism” similar to tsarism? A. Both relied on secret police, terror, and autocratic rule. B. Both were based on the popular appeal of a strong, charismatic leader. C. Both furthered the rights of individuals over the interests of the state. D. Both were based on the inherited power of the landed aristocracy.

  21. Quiz: The Communist Soviet Union Emerges Why were political reforms ineffective under Lenin’s government? A. Voting rights were limited. B. The party held all of the real power. C. Only property owners had the right to vote. D. The Supreme Soviet was not an elected representative body.

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