DO NOW

1. DO NOW • HOW MUCH INFLUENCE DO YOU BELIEVE OUR FEDERAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS SHOULD HAVE ON OUR EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS?

2. Prince E (Poet) “I Just Sued the School System” • http://wksu.org/post/spoken-word-artist-sues-school-systems-viral-video#stream/0

3. Missouri: New Law Will Make Schoolyard Fighting a Felony • In Missouri, a law set to take effect with the new year will allow felony charges to be brought against children who get into fistfights on school buses or on school property. Under the statute, students caught fighting could face third-degree assault charges and up to four years in prison, regardless of their age or grade level. Critics say Missouri’s new law will worsen the state’s school-to-prison pipeline and will disproportionately affect African Americans. Last year, a study by UCLA’s Center for Civil Rights Remedies found black elementary school children in Missouri are suspended at higher rates than in any other state.

4. New Missouri law makes fighting and bullying in schools a felony • http://www.kmov.com/story/34144796/new-missouri-law-makes-fighting-and-bullying-in-schools-a-felony

5. A New Missouri Law Could Give Kids Serious Criminal Records For School Fights, School Bullying • http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/missouri-school-law_us_585d26b1e4b0de3a08f4f5c0

6. DO NOW • ARE AMERICA’S PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEMS SET UP FOR A SCHOOL-TO-PRISON-PIPELINE SYSTEMS? EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER.

7. DO NOW • WHAT ARE SOME POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE INFLUENCES THAT DRUGS HAVE ON PEOPLE?

8. The War on Drugs Unit III: War on Drugs TIP Don’t use drugs!

9. Section 1: Drug use and its affects on society

10. What is a drug? 1. Drug (Positive view): • 1. a substance used by itself or in a mixture in the treatment or diagnosis of disease (ex: Tylenol, Advil). Webster’s Dictionary “a substance used by itself or in a mixture in the treatment or diagnosis of disease.”

11. Positive view:Webster’s Dictionary“a substance used by itself or in a mixture in the treatment or diagnosis of disease.” • 2. Drugs are used to: • 2. fight infection; • reverse a disease process; • relieve symptoms of illness; • restore normal functioning of human organs; • aid in diagnosing sickness … • maintain health.

12. Neutral View of Drugs:Coffee in the morning? (caffeine)Tea in the afternoon? (caffeine)Cigarettes when drinking at a bar? (nicotine) • 3. neutral view • 3. “any substance that causes or creates significant psychological and/or physiological changes in the body” • Ex: coffee, tea, cigarettes

13. What is a drug? • Neutral view: • “any substance that causes or creates significant psychological and/or physiological changes in the body” • “any absorbed substance that changes or enhances any physical or psychological function in the body” • Coffee in the morning? • Tea in the afternoon? • Cigarettes when drinking at a bar?

17. What is a drug? • 4. Drug (Negative View) • 4. “something (and often an illegal substance) that causes addiction, habituation, or a marked change in consciousness” • Ex: cocaine, heroin, methamphetamines

18. WAR ON DRUGS: THE FOCUS • 5. focus of war on drugs • 5. against illegal forms of drug use and the activities which permit it (manufacturing, growing, distributing, selling, possessing)

19. What do drugs do? • All drugs, whether legal or illegalaffect the brain by interacting with naturally occurring brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters • This alters people’s behavior. • Every drug(including a legal drug such as aspirin) is potentially harmful.

20. What do drugs do?All drugs, whether legal or illegal affect the brain by interacting with naturally occurring brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters • 6. impact of drugs • 6. affect the brain by interacting with naturally occurring brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters • This alters people’s behavior. • Every drug(including a legal drug such as aspirin) is potentially harmful.

23. Mechanism of Drug Addiction in the Brain • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NxHNxmJv2bQ

24. Effects of drugs (write down five of these factors) • The Factors on how a drug effects people. Effects of any drug depend on: • type of drug used • amount of drug used • drug potency • method of ingestion • frequency of use (tolerance) • setting of ingestion • mood of the user • biological & psychological make-up of user (e.g., genetics, brain chemistry)

25. Is Drug Use normal? (Write down (4 Examples) • How do people use (legal) drugs? • “Happy Hour” • Parties with friends • “Pick up” girls/guys • Relieve boredom • Alter your mood • Inspire creativity • Medicinal purposes • Religious purposes • (adaptive)

26. Drug use vs. Abuse: Drug abuse costs the U.S. economy more than $180 billion a year. • 7. drug abuse • 8. effects of drug abuse • 7. is a higher degree of consumption of drugs … suggests some problem level of use, or “overuse.” • 8. is drug use that results in social, economic, psychological, physical or legal problems for the drug user • Costs U.S. economy more than $180 billion a year

27. DO NOW • WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF DRUG USE WHETHER IT BE LEGAL OR ILLEGAL? EXPLAIN THE EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE? PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF AN EFFECT OF DRUG ABUSE. • LOOK IN YOUR NOTES

29. Effects of drug abuse on the brain.

31. Drug use vs. Abuse • 9. drug use • 9. is ANY consumption of a drug (i.e., recreational or occasional; medical use)

32. Drug Use v. Abuse • Drug use is ANY consumption of a drug(i.e., recreational or occasional use) • Drug abuse is a higher degree of consumption of drugs … suggests some problem level of use, or “overuse.” • Drug abuse is drug use that results in social, economic, psychological or legal problems for the drug user • (maladaptive)

33. Is Drug Use normal? • Weil (1998: 4)“The use of drugs to alter consciousness is nothing new. It has been a feature of human life in all places on the earth and in all ages of history” … as innate as hunger and sex. • Hamid (1998: vii)“The human use of psychoactive drugs is both primordial and nearly universal. In almost every human culture in every age of history, the use of one or more psychoactive drugs was featured prominently in the contexts of religion, ritual, health care, divination, celebration (including the arts, music, and theater), recreation, and cuisine.”

34. Drug Use v. Abuse • Oh yeah, and then there are college students …

35. Outcomes of Drug Abuse • Physical dependence –growing tolerance of a drug’s effects so that increased amounts of the drug necessitate the continued presence of the drug in order to prevent withdrawal symptoms • Psychological dependence –craving for or compulsive need to use drugs because they provide the user with a feeling of well-being and satisfaction • Tolerance –continued regular use of a drug leading to progressively larger doses to attain the desired effect, thereby reinforcing the compulsive behavior known as drug dependence • Withdrawal –physical reaction of bodily functions that, when a body is deprived of an addictive drug, causes increased excitability of the bodily functions that have been depressed by the drug’s habitual use

36. OUTCOMES OF DRUG ABUSE • 10. the body’s growing tolerance of a drug’s effects so that increased amounts of the drug necessitate the continued presence of the drug in order to prevent withdrawal symptoms • 10. physical dependence

37. OUTCOMES OF DRUG ABUSE • 11. craving for or compulsive need to use drugs because they provide the user with a mental feeling of well-being and satisfaction • 11. psychological (mental) dependence

38. Mechanism of Drug Addiction in the Brain • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NxHNxmJv2bQ

39. War on Drugs: Short video clip • http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/ • http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/ • http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/

40. DO NOW • WHAT IS A NEUTRAL VIEW OF HOW DRUGS ARE USED? GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A NEUTRAL VIEW.

41. Outcomes of Drug Abuse • 12. tolerance • 12. continued regular use of a drug leading to progressively larger doses to attain the desired effect, thereby reinforcing the compulsive behavior known as drug dependence

42. Effects of drug abuse on the brain.

43. Outcomes of Drug Abuse • 13. withdrawal • 13. physical reaction of bodily functions that, when a body is deprived of an addictive drug, causes increased excitability of the bodily functions that have been depressed by the drug’s habitual use • Ex: brains ability to develop chemicals like dopamine decline or stop

44. Drug Use v. Abuse • It is possible to use illegal drugs without engaging in abuse of them … • Only a small portion of drug users actually become drug abusers • According to ONDCP, 7 million people meet diagnostic criteria for drug abuse (out of 20 million users) • Percentage of drug abusers seems to remain relatively stable over time, even as number of drug users changes

45. Major Types of Drugs • Drugs are categorized according to their major effects on brain function and human behavior • stimulants • depressants • hallucinogens / disssociative anesthetics • narcotics/opiates • Others add inhalants, analgesics, sedatives, and hypnotics

46. Major Types of Drugs: Drugs are categorized according to their major effects on brain function and human behavior • Stimulants – stimulate central nervous system (CNS) / increase activity of the brain and spinal chord • Depressants – lessen activity of the CNS / decrease or stop vital functions • Hallucinogens – produce mood and perceptual changes varying from sensory illusions to hallucinations • Narcotics– opium and opium derivatives, and their synthetic versions, used mostly as pain killers • Others add inhalants, analgesics, sedatives, and hypnotics

47. Stimulants – Nicotine, Cocaine, Amphetamines, Methamphetamine • 14. stimulants • 14. stimulate central nervous system (CNS)/increase activity of the brain and spinal chord • Ex: cocaine; methamphetamine;nicotine; caffeine • Amphetamine; ritalin • Releasing adrenaline noradrenaline and endorphins

48. Depressants – Alcohol • 15. depressants • 15. lessen activity of the CNS/decrease or stop vital functions • Ex: alcohol; tranquillisers • Effects Gaba, Serotonin, Endorphins and Dopamine

49. Depressants (Alcohol’s effect on the brain) • Alcohol has effects on different areas of the brain. • In the region of the cerebral cortex, alcohol decreases a person's inhibitions and slows down thought processes as well as the processing of incoming visual and auditory information. • The cerebellum, the center of balance, is affected, leading to the staggering gait of a drunk. • The effect on the hypothalamus and pituitary increases sexual desire, but decreases actual performance. • Alcohol acts on the medulla to slow a person's breathing and decrease body temperature, which can cause death.

50. Depressants (Alcohol’s effect on the brain) • In the long run, heavy drinking can cause severe and permanent brain damage, and your brain can really shrink. Many alcoholics come down with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome because alcohol interferes with the body's absorption of thiamine. This syndrome causes mental confusion, lack of coordination and problems with memory and learning. Dependence on alcohol also causes changes in the brain's chemistry, and if a person tries to stop drinking suddenly, withdrawal symptoms of delirium tremens (DTs), hallucinations, nausea and seizures can result. Detoxification centers can help to alleviate these symptoms.