The Rise of Segregation

1. The Rise of Segregation Chapter 6 Section 5

2. Exodusters • African American migrants to Kansas • Led by Benjamin “Pap” Singleton • Why did they go?

3. African Americans and Populists • Colored Farmers’ National Alliance: 1886 • 1891: Populist party formed, many African-Americans joined • Democrats threatened “Black Republican” rule

4. Taking Away the Vote • 15th Amendment: states cannot deny the vote based on “race, color, or previous condition of servitude” • 1890: Mississippi introduced $2 poll tax and literacy test • Other states followed suit • “Grandfather Clause”

5. Segregation • De facto: Northern segregation • People lived in different areas • De jure: Southern segregation • Enforced by law • Jim Crow laws

6. Jim Crow • 1883: Supreme Court overturned Civil Rights Act of 1875-designed to stop segregation • 14th Amendment only applied to government owned facilities • Southern states began passing laws that enforced segregation in privately owned places

7. Plessy v. Ferguson • 1892: Homer Plessy rode in white only train car and was arrested • 1896: Supreme Court upheld the law • Separate but equal principal established

8. Ida B. Wells • 1890-1899: average of 187 lynchings per year • Wells launched a campaign against lynching • Lynching numbers fell in the 1900s

9. Mary Church Terrell • Fought against lynching, racism and sexism • Helped found National Association of Colored Women, NAACP

10. Booker T. Washington • Wanted African-Americans to focus on economic goals, not political ones • Atlanta Compromise • Postpone fight for civil rights, focus on education

11. W.E.B. DuBois • The Souls of Black Folk: written in response to Atlanta Compromise • Rejected compromise • Focused on maintaining and excercising voting rights