1 / 19

Biomass Energy

Biomass Energy. Courtney Perry, Kara Thompson, Katie Lipp, Kendall Eberhardt Period 2. History. 1840- First commercially used biomass gasifier built in France. 1890- Coal displaces wood used in steam generation. 1910- coal begins to replace the use of wood in city homes.

rich
Download Presentation

Biomass Energy

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Biomass Energy Courtney Perry, Kara Thompson, Katie Lipp, Kendall Eberhardt Period 2

  2. History • 1840- First commercially used biomass gasifier built in France. • 1890- Coal displaces wood used in steam generation. • 1910- coal begins to replace the use of wood in city homes. • 1970- Concerns about crude oil supplies and environmental quality lead to renewed interest in ethanol and other biomass energy sources. Governments begin to fund research into converting biomass into useful energy and fuels. • 1980- Biomass power plants built in North America. • 1990- According to the United Nations, biomass energy consumption is about 6.7 per cent of the world’s total energy consumption. • 2002- Biomass supplies more than 3% of total American power. http://www.eniscuola.net/en/energy/contenuti/biomass/left/biomass-knowledge/a-bit-of-history/

  3. Politics: Pros • a renewable and inexhaustible power source • Storing waste no longer a problem and carbon levels in the atmosphere will be reduced. • Producing electricity using biomass is much cleaner than using fossil fuels. • Cost reduction http://www.alivegreenpower.com/biomass/biomass-energy-pros-and-cons/

  4. Politics: Cons • The chemical processes involved in creating electricity can produce damaging gases such as methane, nitrous oxide or carbon-dioxide. • large set-ups can be quite expensive. • obtained by producing large amounts of ethanol, and this will lead to increased levels of nitrogen oxide in our environment. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/biomass-energy-pros-and-cons.html

  5. Physics • The most common method of turning biomass into electricity is through direct combustion of biomass material, such as agricultural materials • Processed biomass is the boiler fuel that produces steam to operate a steam turbine and generator to make electricity http://www.wbdg.org/resources/biomasselectric.php

  6. Production and Use in Southern California • 132 biomass power plants in CA • Capacity of 1,000 Megawatts http://www.energy.ca.gov/biomass/

  7. National Production and Use • The U.S. does not heavily rely on Biomass • Most energy production comes from other sources http://www.instituteforenergyresearch.org/wpcontent/uploads/2013/06/Bio1.png

  8. Global Production and Use • 10% of global energy supply • 2/3 used in LDC for heating and cooking • Brazil, U.S., and India are top users http://biomassmagazine.com/articles/9444/iea-task40-biomass-provides-10-percent-of-global-energy-use

  9. Effectiveness • It is renewable • More reliable than solar or wind energy • Could reduce amounts of CO2 in atmosphere http://www.ceres.net/aboutus/Images/AboutUs-Biofuels-Two-Pumps.jpg

  10. Affect on Climate • Requires same water for cooling as coal power plants • Biomass facilities emit less SO2 and mercury than coal •  If not collected properly, using agricultural waste for power could lead to land or habitat degradation http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/renewable-energy/environmental-impacts-biomass-for-electricity.html

  11. Fuel Mass to Energy Output • Varies greatly depending on the crop, soil type, availability of water, etc. • Depends on moisture content of the crop at time of measurements • Biomass • Wood 15MJ/kg • Grass (fresh cut)PaperStrawDungDomestic Waste • 4 MJ/kg17 MJ/kg15 MJ/kg16 MJ/kg9 MJ/kg • Compared to: • Coal 25-30MJ/kg • Crude Oil 42 MJ/kg http://teeic.anl.gov/er/biomass/restech/uses/howmuch/index.cfm

  12. Conversion into Energy • Biomass conversions can we separated into two categories : Direct- fired and gasification systems. http://www.epa.gov/chp/documents/biomass_chp_catalog_part5.pdf

  13. Direct Combustion • In direct fire systems, biomass is directly combusted to produce steam. This is seen in boilers, a technology used to burn a variety of fuels for heating, commercial and institutional heating as well as electricity generation. https://www1.eere.energy.gov/tribalenergy/guide/biomass_biopower.html

  14. Boilers • The two types of boilers most commonly used for biomass firing to produce heat and electricity are stoker boilers and fluidized bed boilers http://nett21.gec.jp/AIR/data/Air-093.htm

  15. Gasification • Gasification of Biomass for electricity production is the process of heating solid biomass in an environment that is oxygen starved • It can produce a gas that can be cleaned to produce energy http://renewables.morris.umn.edu/biomass/faq/

  16. Gasification Continued • Compared with direct-fired biomass systems, gasification isn’t as popular • Its more efficient and cleaner http://bioenergycrops.com/blog/2013/09/20/15-largest-biomass-gasifiers-worldwide-iea-bioenergy-report-2013/

  17. Shortcomings • In the direct burning method, ashes are still left behind • Animal wastes can be small and therefore limited http://www.energy.ca.gov/biomass/\

  18. Solutions • Could use only the environmentally friendly ways to produce energy • Devote certain areas of land dedicated for Biomass production http://science134.tripod.com/id9.html

  19. Bibliography • "Biomass." Institute for Energy Research. Institute for Energy Research, n.d. Web. 2 Mar. 2014. <http://www.instituteforenergyresearch.org/energy-overview/biomass/>. • "Biomass Energy Pros and Cons." Buzzle. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Mar. 2014. <http://www.buzzle.com/articles/biomass-energy-pros-and-cons.html>. • "Biomass Energy Pros and Cons." Renewable Energy Resources. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Mar. 2014. <http://www.alivegreenpower.com/biomass/biomass-energy-pros-and-cons/>. • "Biomass for Electricity Generation." Whole Building Design Guide. N.p., 2013. Web. 2 Mar. 2014. <http://www.wbdg.org/resources/biomasselectric.php>. • "Biomass (Incineration)." Tripod. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Mar. 2014. <http://science134.tripod.com/id9.html>. • "How Biomass Energy Works." Union of Concerned Scientists. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2014. <http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/renewable-energy/how-biomass-energy-works.html>. • "Land Conservation." Amherst Massachusetts. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Mar. 2014. <http://www.amherstma.gov/index.aspx?NID=1249>. • Maloney, Kenneth L. "STOKER GAS MATRIX BURNER." The Combustion Engneering Experts. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Mar. 2014. <http://www.combustionexperts.com/products/sgmb.html>. • Schill, Sue Retka. "IEA Task40: Biomass provides 10 percent of global energy use." Biomass Magazine: n. pag. Web. 2 Mar. 2014. <http://biomassmagazine.com/uploads/posts/web/2013/09/Task40Fig1_13796263532372.jpg>. • "Waste to Energy & Biomass in California." California Energy Commision. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Mar. 2014. <http://www.energy.ca.gov/biomass/>. • Wilmoth, Brenda. "Bioenergy." The Gale Encyclopedia of Science. N.p.: n.p., 2008. N. pag. Print.

More Related