CHAPTER 2 :

1. CHAPTER 2: INTERNET AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB

2. OBJECTIVES • Explaining a basic LAN structure and network devices. • Brief history about the internet. • Explaining the concept of ISP. • Explaining a few reasons for the internet being used. • Describing different web browsers and explaining browser cookies. • Explaining the concept of URL and Domain (Top level domain name and Domain name country codes). • Explaining what TCP/IP is. • Explaining differences between internet, intranet and extranet. • Explaining different types of E-commerce and the advantages of it. • Explaining the 10 categories of websites. • Software applications on the web. • Learning netiquettes.

3. WHO MADE THE INTERNET No need to thank me! • Tim Berners-Lee introduced the idea of having a large number of documents, multimedia pages that are ever-changing, which were linked together in 1989, which is now called the Internet. • In 1995, there were 100,000 websites. Today there are billions of websites and a rapidly growing number of Internet hosts.

4. WHAT IS THE INTERNET? • The Internet is often confused with the World Wide Web. The misperception is that these two terms are synonymous. • The Internet is a collection of the many different computer systems. The World Wide Web is a collection of linked documents or multimedia pages that is ever-changing. • The documents that are presented on the World Wide Web and are viewed over the Internet are referred to as a web page or a website.

5. TOP10 INTERNET USES

6. INFORMATION • The Internet is arguably one of the most successful and useful tools mankind has ever created. • It is, in fact, the largest library ever created, and is growing daily. • The Internet is the modern source of information, delivered in multiple media: written word, visual graphics and images, video, and audio have changed the way that we humans look for and find information.

7. COMMUNICATION People use the Internet to communicate with one another. Software has made it possible to stream voice and video across the world with minimal delay, and e-mail has become the main means of communicating for many a modern people. Without the Internet, it would be both more expensive and slower to maintain personal and professional relationships.

8. ENTERTAINMENT • In recent years, multiple player games and virtual worlds have engaged the time and money of many. • In addition, videos and music are easy to find, stream, and download.

9. WORK • The Internet provides an alternative to 9-5 workdays, as more and more people can work from home, or “telecommute.” • A growing number of people are making a living from the Internet itself, whether becoming experts in how people search the Internet, providing IT, or web development services, or specializing in Internet marketing.

10. SCHOOL • More elementary, high school, and university curriculum require the Internet for school work.

11. RELATIONSHIPS • People use the Internet to find, maintain, or end relationships. • Apps such as Tinder have helped online dating the norm of this generation.

12. MARKET • People use the Internet to research, find and buy services and products, or to target and sell to the ultimate consumer. • Because of this, the Internet has become the best way to buy and sell products, as online “stores” are open 24/7.

13. SEXUALITY • It’s no secret that a real majority of search is centered on porn. • So, people [men] use the Internet to view pornography and to engage their sexual instinct.

14. SELF EXPRESSION • People not only collect information from the Internet but also create it. • People are able to express themselves politically, artistically, vocally, socially, and so on and give voice to what is important to them.

15. ASK FOR HELP • Some people use the Internet to ask for help. People ask for help in the form of emotional support, medical advice, or even simply listening without naming themselves.

16. WEB BROWSER • A browser is a software application used to locate, retrieve, and display content on the World Wide Web, including web pages, images, video, and other files. • As a client/server model, the browser is the client on a computer that contacts the web server and requests information. The web server sends the information back to the web browser, which displays it on the monitor.

17. BROWSER’S TODAY • Once you have obtained an account with an Internet service provider, you can access the web through a browser, such as Safari, Google Chrome, or Microsoft Edge. • The browser allows a user's computer to read and display web documents. Many exciting web pages use multimedia. • Many browsers offer plug-ins, which extend the capabilities of the software so it can display multimedia information (including sound and video).

18. URL (UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR) • The World Wide Web (WWW) consists of a large collection of electronic documents called web pages. • A browser is a software program used to access and view web pages. • These web pages have a unique address, called a URL (Uniform Resource Locator) that tells a browser where to locate the web page. • A URL consists of a protocol (http:// or https://) and the domain name.

19. DOMAIN NAME • An Internet address has four fields with numbers that are separated by periods or dots known as an IP address. • The Domain Name System (DNS) was made to translate the numerical addresses into words. Ex. the address cs.gsu.edu is 131.96.155.201.

20. INTERNET CONFIGURATION The two most important protocols allowing computers to transmit data on the Internet are transmission control protocol (TCP) and IP. Both protocols, virtually all computers can communicate with each other. An intranet is a private computer network that uses IP technologies to securely share any part of an organization's information or operational systems within that organization. An extranet is a private network that uses IP, network connectivity. An extranet can be viewed as part of a company's intranet that is extended to users outside the company, usually via the Internet. The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide.

21. E-COMMERCE • Electronic commerce or e-commerce is a term for any type of business, or commercial transaction, which involves the transfer of information across the Internet. • It covers a range of different types of businesses, from consumer-based retail sites, through auction or music sites, to business exchanges trading goods and services between corporations.

22. TYPES OF E-COMMERCE • B2B (Business to Business) involves companies doing business with each other. One example is manufacturers selling to distributors and wholesalers selling to retailers. • B2C (Business to Consumer) consists of businesses selling to the general public through shopping cart software, without needing any human interaction. This is what most people think of when they hear "e-commerce." Amazon or eBay would demonstrate an example of this. • C2B (Consumer to Business) e-commerce, consumers post a project with a set budget online, and companies bid on the project. The consumer reviews the bids and selects the company. Examples of this are Amazon or eBay. • C2C (Consumer to Consumer) takes place within online classified ads, forums, or marketplaces where individuals can buy and sell their goods. Examples of this include Craigslist and eBay.

23. CATEGORIES OF WEBSITES • Personal: free server space offered by ISP. • Photo-sharing. • Social networking. • Entertainment. • Mobile device. • Blogging. • Informational. • Business. • Web Directory. • E-commerce.

24. SOFTWARE APPLICATION ON THE WEB • E-mail. • Internet forum. • Podcast. • Mailing list. • Chat. • Instant Messaging (IM). • Text messaging.

25. SEARCH ENGINES • Search engines are programs that search documents for specified keywords and return a list of the documents where the keywords were found. • When you are looking for something using a search engine, it is a good idea to use words like AND, OR, and NOT to specify your search.

26. NETIQUETTE • The Internet includes a global community, as a result behavioral standards were created. Proper Internet etiquette is often referred to as Netiquette. • Users should avoid embarrassing situations by adhering to some simple guidelines. This means you should be nice and accommodating to everyone.