1980’s

1. 1980’s

2. Objectives • Identify important foreign and national events that the Reagan Administration faced. • Describe the events at the start of the Bush Administration. (George H.W. Bush)

3. Ronald Reagan Republican VP George H.W. Bush Jimmy Carter Democrat VP Walter Mondale 1980 Election

4. Iranian Hostage Crisis • Showed Carter as: • Ineffective leader • Weak • Opened the door for Ronald Reagan

5. Reagan Elected • During Reagan’s Inauguration all 52 American hostages were released.

6. Carter Reagan 1980 Election

7. Ronald Reagan • Republican • Oldest person ever to become president • Age 69 • Former actor • Former Governor of California

8. Assassination Attempt • March 30, 1981 • Only 70th day in office • Followed a speech in Washington D.C. • Ironically the speech was on the 10% surge in violent crime.

9. John Hinckley Jr. • Fires 6 shots at the President • Attempt motivated by his obsession with actress Jody Foster. "the greatest love offering in the history of the world" -John Hinckley Jr. on his assassination attempt.

10. John Hinckley Jr. • Found not guilty for reason of insanity. • Admitted to St. Elizabeth's Hospital • Reagan returned to the White House within a month of the shooting.

11. Reagan’s Two Goals • Reduce Taxes 2) Decrease the power of the Federal Government.

12. New Federalism • Reagan’s plan to reduce the power of the federal government.

13. New Federalism • Federal Programs • Made people dependant on the federal government. • Reagan believed people should take care of themselves. • Dependent • Relying on others for one’s needs.

14. Reaganomics • Tax and budget cuts • Also called: “supply side economics”

15. Supply Side Economics(Reaganomics) • Four step theory: 1) When companies grow they supply the economy with more jobs. 2) If companies spend less on taxes they will have more to invest in growing their business. 3) The government collects too much in taxes. 4) Paying less in taxes and cutting government spending creates jobs.

16. How did Reagan achieve Reaganomics? • Cut income tax by 25% • Lowered (cut) government spending on: • Education • Environment • Urban; social; and health projects. • Critics: • Claimed Reaganomics hurt the low and middle class.

17. First Female Supreme Court Justice • Sandra Day O’Connor • From Arizona • Appointed by Reagan • Conservative • Conservative • Interprets the Constitution literally (taken exactly as it is written) • Liberal • Interprets Constitution broadly (assumes the Constitution implies meaning beyond the literal interpretation)

18. Ronald Reagan VP George H.W. Bush (Republicans) Walter Mondale VP Geraldine Ferraro (Democrats) 1984 Presidential Election

19. Proved his popularity with the public. Reagan Wins

20. Challenger Explosion • January 28, 1986 • 73 seconds into flight • All 7 members died. • Christa McAuliffe • Teacher • Planned to teach lessons from space and help with scientific experiments. • How did it happen? • Two rubber “O” Rings failed • Most similar to the Columbia disaster (Feb. 2003)

21. Challenger Explosion - 1986

22. Review 1) What was Reaganomics/Supply side economics? 2) How was Reaganomics achieved? 3) Explain what happened to the Challenger Space Shuttle. 4) Who won the election of 1980 and why? 5) Who won the election of 1984 and what did it show? 6) What were the two main goals of the Reagan Administration? 7) Who was John Hinckley Jr. and what did he have to do with President Reagan?

23. International Issued of the 1980’s

24. “World” Categorization System • Established After World War II: • 1st World = Western Democracies • 2nd World = Communist Countries • 3rd World = Developing countries • Not industrialized • Developing countries • Little to no power in World Affairs

25. Libya • Lybian Leader: Muammar al –Gadhafi • Libyan troops begin firing at planes flying over international waters. • U.S. Response: • Sunk 2 Libyan ships • Destroyed 1 Libyan missile site • Bombed military posts that trained Libyan terrorists • Libyan terrorists had been responsible for multiple attacks on foreign airports earlier in the decade.

26. Iran – Contra Affair • Nicaragua • Communist country • Tried to spread communism throughout Latin America • Contras • a group within Nicaragua that wanted to overthrow the communist government. • Funded by the U.S. to help achieve their goal.

27. Iran – Contra Affair • Money from arms deals with Iran was sent to help the Contras in Nicaragua • This had not been authorized by Congress • This was done in secret • Reagan was dealing with potential terrorists.

28. Military Spending Increases to Defend Against the:“The Evil Empire” • Greatest military peace-time build-up in U.S. history. • “Evil Empire” • Used to refer to the Soviet Union • Reagan: Soviets could not be trusted. Soviet Flag

29. 1985 • Mikhail Gorbachev • Leader of Soviet Union • New Policies: • Glasnost • Perestroika • Wanted to IMPROVE relations with the U.S.

30. Intermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty • INF • Both nations agreed to allow government officials to inspect weapons factories in both countries to ensure that each country destroyed its medium range nuclear weapons.

31. Strategic Defense Initiative“Star Wars” • use ground and space-based systems to protect the United States from attack by strategic nuclear ballistic missiles. (1983)

32. George H.W. Bush Republican Michael Dukakis Democrat 1988 Presidential Election Jesse Jackson Independent First African American to run for President

33. Wins 54% of popular vote & 426 electoral votes Inherits 6 years of economic growth. Faced serious social problems: Crime Drugs Poverty George H.W. Bush

34. Review • Who won the 1988 presidential election? • What was “Star Wars?” and what did it involve creating? • Who were the candidates in the 1988 election? • What problems, and what advantages did the victor of the 1988 Presidential election inherit? • Explain the Iran Contra Affair. • Who was Mikhail Gorbachev and what did he want with the U.S? • What was the evil empire?