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The Prehistoric Aegean

The Prehistoric Aegean. Terminology & Chronology. Near East Anatolia Mesopotamia Levant. Middle East Turkey Iraq & Eastern Syria Israel, Jordan, (Palestine) Syria & Lebanon. archaeological vs. political. Middle/Near East. Stone Age. Old Palaeolithic 25,000-8,300bc

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The Prehistoric Aegean

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  1. The Prehistoric Aegean Terminology & Chronology

  2. Near East Anatolia Mesopotamia Levant Middle East Turkey Iraq & Eastern Syria Israel, Jordan, (Palestine) Syria & Lebanon archaeological vs. political

  3. Middle/Near East

  4. Stone Age • Old Palaeolithic 25,000-8,300bc • Middle Mesolithic 8,300-6,500bc • New Neolithic 6,500-3,100bc

  5. Bronze Age Arthur Evans, Knossos, 1921-1935 Tripartite division of Bronze Age Early Bronze Age EBA Middle Bronze Age MBA Late Bronze Age LBA • Cp. Old, Middle, New Kingdom in Egypt

  6. Greece

  7. Regional Bronze Age Nomenclature Crete Minoan (Minos - mythical king) Cyclades Cycladic (Aegean island chain) Mainland Helladic (Hellas = Greece) • Early EBA EM EC EH (3100-2000) • Middle MBA MM MC MH (2000-1650) • Late LBA LM LC LH (1600-1050)

  8. Alternative Minoan Chronology (Palaces of Knossos, Phaistos, Mallia & Zakro) • Pre-palatial EM I - MM IA (ca. 3100/3000-1925/1900 B.C.) • Protopalatial (Old Palace) MM IB - MM IIB (ca. 1925/1900-1750/1720 B.C.) • Neopalatial (New Palace) MM IIIA - LM IB (ca. 1750/1720-1490/1470 B.C.) • Post-palatial LM IIIA-C (ca. 1490/1470-1075/1050 B.C.)

  9. Greece

  10. Palaeolithic Mesolithic Neolithic Bronze Age Dark/Iron Age Archaic Classical Hellenistic Roman Byzantine Prehistory vs. history

  11. Greeks, Mycenaeans, Danaans, Argives, Achaeans Trojans, Dardans Trojan Allies: Zeleians, Paeonians, Ciconians, Thracians, Phrygians, Mysians, Maeonians, Carians, Lycians, Pelasgians, Paphlagonians The Peoples

  12. Cuneiform script & Luwian Hieroglyphics adapted for Hittite language Wilusa, Ilios, Ilium Taruisa,Tarwiza, Troy Ahhiya(wa), Achaea Hittite Empire

  13. Hittite Evidence… • Troy, Ilium, & Achaea real places! • Homeric World gains credibility • So what do we know about Greek Prehistory from Archaeological Evidence?

  14. Beginning of Bronze Age in Greece • Agricultural population • Metal-working from Anatolia? • Fast-spinning potter’s wheel

  15. Early Helladic Sites: Lerna & Tsoungiza

  16. Wall 1.1m thick Why so thick? Room 0.9m wide Why so wide? Tsoungiza: House A

  17. House A Reconstruction • 1 Room 0.9m wide

  18. Corridor Houses of EHII

  19. House of Tiles Distribution Same dimensions, different sizes Shared Culture? Organized Relationships?

  20. EHII Architecture Common Design Megaron style

  21. EHII figurine Domestic animals EH Agriculture

  22. Complex Culture: fine pottery & quality metalwork

  23. Personal Property Social Hierarchy Trade EHII Sealings from Lerna’s House of Tiles

  24. Massive fortification walls at EHII Lerna, Jutting Towers Approaches force exposure of weapon side - conscious of serious threat?

  25. Lerna Fortifications

  26. Invasion? • EHII destructions widespread, coupled with major cultural changes • Switch from orthogonal corridor houses to mostly apsidal houses in EHIII • Disappearance of popular EHII pottery shapes • Collapse of complex society • Depopulation of surrounding areas

  27. EHIII Apsidal House

  28. EHII Sauceboats disappear

  29. New Pottery Types:Pattern-painted, heavy dark-burnished

  30. ???????? • Who are these people? • Where do they come from?

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