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From Gene to Protein

From Gene to Protein. Protein Synthesis. You already know that DNA is the “boss” of the cell. It directs all of the cell’s processes. DNA contains coded information to make proteins. Nucleotides in DNA molecules are grouped into genes.

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From Gene to Protein

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  1. From Gene to Protein Protein Synthesis

  2. You already know that DNA is the “boss” of the cell.It directs all of the cell’s processes.

  3. DNA contains coded information to make proteins

  4. Nucleotides in DNA molecules are grouped into genes. • These genes contain specific information to make proteins.

  5. Proteins make up the structure of organisms and control the chemical reactions that occur in an organism • Proteins help determine traits. • Proteins are chains of amino acids.

  6. The Big Idea • How does the sequence of a strand of DNA correspond to the amino acid sequence of a protein?

  7. Where are proteins made? ribosomes

  8. How does the information in DNA in the nucleus travel to the ribosome in order to make proteins? mRNA

  9. RNA: DNA’s overworked cousin RNA is very similar in structure to DNA. Her are the differences: DNA RNA deoxyribose sugar ribose sugar double stranded single stranded stable unstable thymine uracil

  10. mRNA is made in the nucleus from information in the DNA during a process called transcription mRNA DNA

  11. Transcription

  12. Transcription Animation • Translation Animation

  13. mRNA leaves the nucleus and reaches a ribosome. Translation now occurs

  14. Translation • A tRNA molecule that compliments the mRNA carries the correct amino acid

  15. From RNA to Protein

  16. How is the code in mRNA read by the ribosome to create the protein? • It is “decoded” 3 bases at a time. • Each group of 3 bases is called a CODON. • Every codon has an amino acid somewhere that goes with it.

  17. mRNA codon amino acid UUC

  18. mRNA codon amino acid Phenylalanine UUC GAC

  19. mRNA codon amino acid Phenylalanine Aspartate UUC GAC AUG

  20. mRNA codon amino acid Phenylalanine Aspartate Met (universal start codon) UUC GAC AUG CGC

  21. mRNA codon amino acid Phenylalanine Aspartate Met (universal start codon) Arginine UUC GAC AUG CGC

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