TREND ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL INDICATORS ON FOOD SECURITY: MALAYSIA

1. TREND ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL INDICATORS ON FOOD SECURITY: MALAYSIA Regional Training Workshop on Food Security Statistics Derived from the Food Consumption Data Collected in National Household Surveys (NHS) Bangkok, Thailand 25-29 November 2013

2. Dimensions of Food Security • Access • Availability • Utilization • Vulnerability

3. Access DETERMINANTS • Analysis of physical access • Analysis of economic access OUTPUT • Prevalence of undernourishment • Depth of food deficit

4. Access Determinant Analysis of Physical Accessper 100 km of land area (possibility of access to markets)

5. Access Determinant Analysis of Economic Accesscomparison of food PPP over general PPP

6. Access Output Prevalence of Undernourishmentprobability that an individual consumes insufficient calories to cover energy requirements • Less than 5% between 1990 to 2010 • It is not a serious issue in Malaysia.

7. Access Output Depth of Food Deficit, kcal/caput/dayhow many calories needed to lift the undernourished

8. Availability Analysis of dietary energy supply Analysis of food adequacy (percentage of DES over average energy requirement) Analysis of the share of protein in total diet

9. Availability Dietary Energy SupplyNational average calories per caput per day

10. Analysis of Food Adequacy DES as percentage of ADER Availability

11. Availability Average Protein Supply

12. Utilization DETERMINANT • Access to safe water or sanitation OUTPUT • Stunting (chronic) • Underweight (chronic/acute, MDG1)

13. Access to Water & Sanitation% of population Utilization

14. Chronic Stunting: Percentage of Children under 5 Utilization

15. Underweight: Percentage of Children Under 5 Utilization

16. Vulnerability EXPOSURE Cereal Import Dependency Ratio Percent of Arable Land Equipped for Irrigation Value of Food Imports in Total Merchandise Exports SHOCK Food price volatility Food production volatility Political stability

17. Cereal Import Dependency Ratiocereal imports over total supply Vulnerability

18. Percent of Arable Land Equipped for Irrigation Vulnerability

19. Value of Food Imports in Total Merchandise Exports Vulnerability

20. Food Price Volatility Vulnerability

21. Food Production Volatility Vulnerability

22. Political Stability Vulnerability

23. PRESENTATION OF THE SURVEY AND LIMITATIONS OF THE FOOD CONSUMPTION DATA

25. Household Expenditure Survey (HES) Introduction • 1st conducted: • Peninsular Malaysia (1957/58) -household budget survey of the federation of Malaysia • Sarawak (1967/68) • Sabah (1968/69) • Malaysian level (1973) • Since 1993 onwards-HES was carried out concurrently nation wide at an interval of five years • Four (4) surveys were conducted that is in 1993/94, 1998/99, 2004/2005 and the most recent 2009/10 Family budget survey

26. Household Expenditure Survey (HES) Method of data collection • Direct personal interview - Visits to the selected household every alternate day - Each household was given a daily record book to record all expenses made on goods and services for a period of one month • Covered for the reference period of 12 months • Every round consisted of approximately 2,000 households who were interviewed over a period of 1 month

27. Household Expenditure Survey (HES) Method of data collection (cont.d) • frequency – every 5 years • recent survey– HES 2009/2010: April 2009 until March 2010 • Coverage – all states in Malaysia • (urban & rural) • - household staying in private living quarters

28. Household Expenditure Survey (HES) • Number of food items (6 digits) = 451 items LIMITATIONS • Different units used in the items collected –e.g. pieces, gm, kg • Quantity data was collected but was not published due to data inaccuracies.

29. Composition of household expenditure by strata, Malaysia, 2009/10, percentage

30. Food and non-alcoholic Beverages

31. Food Away from Home %

32. THANK YOU