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johnstoni

geology. brevipinnis. Waters & Wallis 2001 Evolution. 83. anomalus. 100. loss of diadromy (marine phase). pullus. 98. 99. eldoni. gollumoides. NZ. vulgaris. 86. 100. 90. sp D. 72. 'southern'. 100. 'northern'. depressiceps. johnstoni. 98. Tas. brevipinnis. postvectis.

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johnstoni

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  1. geology brevipinnis Waters & Wallis 2001 Evolution 83 anomalus 100 loss of diadromy (marine phase) pullus 98 99 eldoni gollumoides NZ vulgaris 86 100 90 sp D 72 'southern' 100 'northern' depressiceps johnstoni 98 Tas brevipinnis postvectis

  2. ? ? ? ? ? Waters et al. 2001 Evolution

  3. Waters et al 2001 Evolution

  4. ? Nevis Nevis reversal Southland Clutha Clutha Southland Clutha 100 G. gollumoides 90 100 G. pullus, G. anomalus 100 G. 'sp D' 72 91 91 G. 'southern' 100 100 100 G. vulgaris 80 G. 'teviot' Waters et al. 2001 Evolution G. depressiceps G. brevipinnis

  5. Esa et al. 2001 Conserv. Genet.

  6. Esa et al. 2001 Conserv. Genet.

  7. Esa et al. 2001 Conserv. Genet.

  8. 76 sites 182 koura 105 haplotypes 227/642 variable ti/tv 3.54 Apte et al 2007

  9. Hard and soft barcoding A standardardised method of: Delimiting species de novo IDing samples against described species

  10. Issues with hard barcoding Species boundaries decoupled from mtDNA (history not biology, low vagility, female philopatry, 10x rule can underestimate, rapid radiations e.g. cichlids) Molecular clock unreliable over diverse taxa; no universal scale (, s, homeothermy, generation time, body size) Multilocus concordance, not single cytoplasmic marker (lineage sorting, hybridisation, selective sweeps) Paraphyly (peripatric speciation) d error over 648 bp (2% = 12.96 sbs) Numts (over/under estimation) Johns & Avise 1998

  11. At and beyond the bar Systematics: a crude “first pass” to highlight areas for taxonomic attention Conservation: defining ESUs, Vane-Wright weighting, community complexity/diversity index Matching: sexes, parts, life history stages, scat (aquatic insects, pollen, subfossils, collections) Border control / biomonitoring: disease organisms, invasive species, food verification, CITES Not really novel…..

  12. Barcoding novelties • Standardisation • Sheer numbers • 0.35 x 106 sequences • (cox1 or COI or cytochrome oxidase 1) and (evolution* or phyloge*) 1616 ISI WoS hits

  13. Mol evol metanalysis Constraints: How many of the 4.89 x 1046 combinations has evolution used? Compensatory substitutions? Selection: Is there evidence for convergent selection (ecological/life history correlates)? Neutrality: Testing molecular clocks (body size, homeothermy, generation time, ) www.bact.wisc.edu

  14. Thermal selection Contrasts: tropical vs polar/cool temp (collembolans, Notothenoids vs tuna, geckos, frogs) thermal vents vs ocean floor alpine vs lowland (plants, arthropods) variable vs constant (desert vs tropics; continental vs maritime; inshoore vs deep sea; poikilotherm vs homeotherm)

  15. Waters et al 2000 Molecular Ecology dK2P = 0.036 FST = -0.002 (N/S) FST = -0.004 (E/W) dK2P = 0.162 dK2P = 0.263

  16. Kennedy et al unpubl N Cant’y S Cant’y Otago Kaikoura M Cant’y

  17. “How far more interesting when we regard every production of nature as one which has had a history” Darwin 1859

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