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Historia de la lengua espa ñola

Historia de la lengua espa ñola. Development of Romance languages from Latin Prof. Viola Miglio miglio@spanport.ucsb.edu. 1. Romance Development - semana 2 -> Indo-european IE . 2. Romance Development - semana 2 -> Indo-european languages . 3.

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Historia de la lengua espa ñola

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  1. Historia de la lengua española Development of Romance languages from Latin Prof. Viola Miglio miglio@spanport.ucsb.edu

  2. 1 Romance Development - semana 2-> Indo-european IE

  3. 2 Romance Development - semana 2-> Indo-european languages

  4. 3 Romance Development - semana 2-> Italic situation 6th c. B.C.E.

  5. 4 Romance Development - semana 2-> Proto-Romance distribution

  6. 5 Romance Development - semana 2-> Contemporary Romance

  7. 6 Romance Development - semana 2-> What are Romance Langs? • Common source: Latin • Latin: form of Italic spoken in Latium, settled by Proto-Latin speakers 1000 bce ca. • Italic branch of IE: end of second millenium bce. and included Oscan (at least until 79 AD) and Umbrian (among others) see map > • Latin refers originally to a group of related dialects

  8. 7 Romance Development - semana 2-> Italic situation 6th c. B.C.E.

  9. 8 Romance Development - semana 2-> Italic situation 6th c. B.C.E. • By 6th c. Latin refers to the speech of Rome • Later it denotes so many concepts as to lose meaning • Borders on cognates to the S, Etruscan to the N, Celtic in Po plain (by 4th C. bce) - striking similarities with italic languages • Greek in the S

  10. 9 Romance Development - semana 2-> Expansion • Roman military, political and economic influence grew during the expansion of Roman Empire • Within Italy first and then beyond • Latin also flourishes and expands (see map) even to areas that now are not Romance speaking (Southern England f.ex.) • Retreat came about in 5th C AD (advantage of Slavic, Germanic, Arabic from 7th C.)

  11. 10 Romance Development - semana 2-> Expansion of Latin

  12. 11 Romance Development - semana 2-> Expansion of Latin • Germanic made less headway than expected: Visigoths spoke Latin when they invaded Spain • Rumanian survival: early settlement and church • Clovis establishes a Catholic Frankish kingdom in northern Gaul by end of 5th C • Latin: administration, religion • Rapid development of Romance with Frankish overlay

  13. 12 Romance Development - semana 2-> Expansion of Latin • Even when Roman power was at its height, Latin was NOT homogeneous throughout the Empire: • Social, regional variations • substrata • Between the collapse of the Empire and the emergence of Romance, envisage a situation of isolation, divergent development w/o standard • Why divergence?

  14. 13 Romance Development - semana 2-> Divergence of Latin • 1) Tendency towards linguistic fragmentation inherent in language acquisition, counterbalanced by need to communicate. • Loss of uniform education system • Separation of Romance groups (especially after the coming of Moslems 8th C.) • 2) Even during the empire: substratal differences • Ex.: many more words of Celtic origin in Fr/Nth Italian than in Spanish, st. Italian or Rumanian. • Welsh rhysg = rusco, rusca (bark, cork etc.) Nth It/Cat

  15. 15 Romance Development - semana 2-> Divergence of Latin • Several languages spoken within Iberia before arrival of Romans (3rd c. bce.) • Celtic, Basque, Iberian • Very often the origin of a long-standing word in Ibero-romance and is not Latin or Celtic - cf. Sp. and Port. cama, must be considered simply as Pre-romance. • Greek in S Italy from 8th c. AD

  16. 16 Romance Development - semana 2-> Divergence of Latin • 3) The third reason for divergence after break-up of the Empire is language contact (language of the conquerors) • Arabic influence on Spanish • Slavic and non-Romance on Rumanian have given it decidedly non-Romance lexicon even in everyday language • Germanic elements found more in areas close to those where Germanic languages were spoken (Walloon)

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