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Getting to Grips with the New BLM Manual of Surveying Instructions

Getting to Grips with the New BLM Manual of Surveying Instructions. Presented by: Bob Dahl, Cadastral Surveyor BLM Division of Lands, Realty and Cadastral Survey Washington, D.C. National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying 89 th Annual Meeting Denver, CO – August 18, 2010.

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Getting to Grips with the New BLM Manual of Surveying Instructions

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  1. Getting to Grips with the New BLM Manual of Surveying Instructions Presented by: Bob Dahl, Cadastral Surveyor BLM Division of Lands, Realty and Cadastral Survey Washington, D.C. National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying 89th Annual Meeting Denver, CO – August 18, 2010 August 16, 2010

  2. What is new or changed in the 2009 edition of the Manual of Surveying Instructions?

  3. Subjects in the 1973 edition of the Manual have been elaborated on in the 2009 Manual. Subjects not in the 1973 edition of the Manual have been included in the 2009 Manual.

  4. Very little technical/legal policy has “changed” from • the 1973 edition • current BLM policy New and/or Change depends on your definition

  5. Chapters Crosswalk 1973 Edition 2009 Manual Ch. 1 - The General Plan Ch. 2 - Methods of Survey Ch. 3 - The System of Rectangular Surveys Ch. 4 - Monumentation Ch. 5 - Lost or Obliterated Corners Ch. 6 - Resurveys Ch. 7 - Special Surveys and Instructions Ch. 8 - Field Notes Ch. 9 - Plats Ch. 10 - Mineral Surveys Ch. 1 - The General Plan Ch. 2 - Methods of Survey Ch. 3 - The System of Rectangular Surveys Ch. 4 - Monumentation Ch. 5 - Principles of Resurveys Ch. 6 - Resurveys and Evidence Ch. 7 - Resurveys and Restoration Ch. 8 - Resurveys and Water Boundaries Ch. 9 - Special Instructions, Field Notes, and Plats Ch. 10 - Special Surveys and Mineral Surveys

  6. Areas of: New – Clarification - Change • Coordinates as collateral evidence • Closing corners • Standard of evidence • Controlling intermediate corners • Bona fide rights • Water boundaries • Mineral survey resurveys

  7. Clarification Resurveys & Closing Corners 3-74 to 3-79 • Historical policy – By policy, closing corner monuments were not intended to be established on intersected line. • Modern policy (adopted between 1902 and 1919) – By policy, closing corner monuments are intended to be established on intersected line.

  8. New – Clarification – Change Controlling Intermediate Corners 6-27 to 6-30 • Witness corners • Line trees • Witness points • Meander corners • Controlling intermediate corners control: • Section line alinement • Reestablishment of lost corners • Establishment of minor subdivisional corners

  9. Change in Technical Policy 6-34 • Prospective in Application • Not Retrospective in Application

  10. Clarification Bona Fide Rights 6-40 • 43 U.S.C. 772 – Governs resurveys by GLO/BLM • Bona fide belief is not bona fide rights • 43 U.S.C. 772 bona fide rights as to location are based on good faith reliance on evidence of the original survey

  11. New - Clarification Mineral Lands Surveys • Mineral leasing act surveys • 10-77 to 10-85 • Riparian rights – mining claims and millsites • 10-201 to 10-207 • Resurveys of mineral surveys • 10-208 to 10-229

  12. Clarification Court of Competent Jurisdiction 1-7 and 1-7(n) When is the Manual (Federal rules) applicable and when should the Surveyor look elsewhere for the governing rules (State rules), i.e., source of law question

  13. Clarification • Court of Competent Jurisdiction • Last Common Grantor • 1-7 and 1-7(n) • Owner of land when boundary line is created • Federal – Federal Rules • Non-Federal - State Rules • Some States have adopted Federal rules for some situations

  14. Clarification • Court of Competent Jurisdiction • Land Status • 1-13 and 1-13(n) • Public Domain Land – Federal Rules • Acquired Land – Federal or State Rules • Non-Federal Land – State Rules

  15. Clarification Fractional Sections 3-118 to 3-122 For subdivisional purposes, identification of regular sections and fractional sections

  16. Clarification Fictitious, Fraudulent, or Grossly Erroneous Surveys 6-58 to 6-68 Elements of and/or evidence of

  17. Clarification Cardinal Equivalent 7-9

  18. New Indian Allotment Surveys – Subdivision of Section – Three-Mile Method 10-11 to 10-20 • vs. subdivision of section – statutory method • Original survey plat controls • Former Indian reservation land (ceded lands) can be miles from any current Indian reservation

  19. New Indian Allotment Surveys – Indian Allotments and United States Indian Service Surveys 10-21 to 10-25 • Not to be confused with the separate subject of GLO allotment surveys versus United States Indian Service (USIS) allotment surveys

  20. Why is the Manual relevant to the practice of land surveying in your State? 1-3 • Rules to survey the PLSS by • An expression of the intent when Federal Government is grantor • Adoption by State legislature, administrative rule, attorney general opinion, common practice, and/or common law

  21. MONTANA STATUE LAWTitle 76 Land Resources and UseChapter 3 Local Regulation of SubdivisionsPart 4 Survey Requirements § 76-3-402 Survey and platting requirements for subdivided lands. All division of sections into aliquot parts and retracement of lines must conform to the Manual of Surveying Instructions

  22. Washington Administrative Code § 332-130-030 Land subdivision and corner restoration standards. Reestablishment of lost GLO or BLM corners and subdividing of sections shall be done according to applicable GLO or BLM plats and field notes and in compliance with the Manual

  23. Office of the Attorney General of theState of California64 Opinions of the Attorney General 224 (1981) Manual of Surveying Instructions is “the authoritative reference book on the subject” of accessories to corner monuments

  24. Minnesota Land Surveyors Association Public Land Survey in Minnesota State statutes state that the section subdivision methods follow the rules of the Federal Government Subdivision by survey of descriptions which are Federal in origin must follow Federal method down to the smallest size sold

  25. NORTH DAKOTA SUPREME COURTNystrom v. Lee, 16 N.D. 561 (1907) The courts of this state in the matter of restoration of corners and subdivision of sections are governed by the laws of the U.S., and the instructions issued by the officers thereof, in charge of the public land surveys

  26. Manual Website http://www.blm.gov/cadastral/Manual/nextedition.htm http://www.blmsurveymanual.org/ http://www.glorecords.blm.gov http://www.usajobs.opm.gov/

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