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The Role of Data Standards in GIS Coordination

The Role of Data Standards in GIS Coordination. PAGIC/PAMAGIC Standards Town Meeting. Importance of Standards.

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The Role of Data Standards in GIS Coordination

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  1. The Role of Data Standards in GIS Coordination PAGIC/PAMAGIC Standards Town Meeting

  2. Importance of Standards Great Baltimore Fire of 1904 - fire companies from as far as Atlantic city responded only to be found useless since they had different hose coupling sizes that did not fit Baltimore hydrants - fire burned over 30 hours, resulted in destruction of 1526 building covering 17 city blocks.

  3. DATA MAPS ERRI DATA PARTNERS PEOPLE

  4. Coordination Initiatives • 1994 - Executive order 12906 calls for establishment of the National Spatial Data Clearinghouse (NSDC) “… to avoid wasteful duplication of effort and promote effective and economical management of resources by Federal, State, local, and tribal governments…” • Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) began NSDI • PASDA began in 1995 as NSDI node.

  5. Partnerships Clearinghouse (catalog) Metadata Framework GEOdata Standards National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI)

  6. FGDC Framework • Orthoimagery • Elevation • Transportation • Hydrography • Governmental units • Cadastral information • Geodetic control

  7. Focus of Effort Federal State Local Common data

  8. PASDA: Data Example • Digital Elevation Model • of Fayette County • Data Source: • USGS National Elevation Database

  9. PASDA: Data Example • Streams and Watershed Boundaries in Allegheny County • Data Sources: • Environmental Resources Research Institute (ERRI) • Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection

  10. PASDA: Data Example • Floodplains in Crawford County • Data Sources: • Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection • Office of Remote Sensing for Earth Resources, PSU

  11. PASDA: Data Example • Westmoreland County roads and school districts • Data Source: • Pennsylvania Department of Transportation

  12. PASDA: Data Example • Digital Raster Graphic (DRG) of Oil City • Data Source: • U.S. Geological Survey

  13. PASDA: Data Example • Digital Orthophoto • Quadrangle (DOQ) • of downtown • Pittsburgh • Data Sources: • Published by Bureau of the Census • US Department of Commerce • U.S. Geologic Survey

  14. PASDA: Data Example • Terrabyte Image of Indiana County • Data Sources: • Published through ERRI, by PSU • National Gap Analysis Program • National Biological Service/US Geologic Survey Biological Resources • Pennsylvania Mapping and Geographic Information Consortium.

  15. PASDA: Data Example • Major Physiographic • Provinces of PA • Data Sources: • Pennsylvania Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey

  16. PASDA: Data Example • Tabular Census Data • Data Source: • U.S. Bureau of Census

  17. Metadata Metadata-pulling it together • Description: • Abstract:The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Reach Files are a series of hydrographic databases of the surface waters of the continental United States … Originator:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Water/OST Basins WHO Time Period of Content: Time Period Information: Single Date/Time: Calendar Date:1994 Currentness Reference:publication date Status: Progress:Complete Maintenance and Update Frequency:None planned Spatial Domain: Bounding Coordinates: West Bounding Coordinate:-74.739 East Bounding Coordinate:-73.652 North Bounding Coordinate:45.156 South Bounding Coordinate:44.496 Keywords: Theme: Theme Keyword Thesaurus:None Theme Keyword:RF3 alpha Hydrography River Reach streams stream network rivers hydrography ArcInfo navigation drainage Place: Place Keyword Thesaurus:Geographic Names Information System Place Keyword:New York NY New York English-Salmon Access Constraints:none Use Constraints:none Point of Contact: Contact Information: Contact Organization Primary: Contact Organization:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Contact Person:Dan Parker Contact Address: Address Type:mailing and physical address Address:401 M Street SW (4503F) City:Washington State or Province:DC Postal Code:20460 Country:United States Contact Voice Telephone:1-800-424-9067 Data Set Credit:McKay, Lucinda; Sue Hanson; Robert Horn; Richard Dulaney; Alan Cahoon; Mark Olsen; and Thomas Dewald, 1994. The U.S. EPA Reach File Version 3.0 Alpha Release (RF3-Alpha) Technical Reference. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC WHY Title:USEPA/OW River Reach File 3 (RF3) Alpha for CONUS, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands Info about the data Indirect Spatial Reference:English-Salmon - New York Direct Spatial Reference Method:Vector WHAT WHEN Calendar Date:1994 Planar Distance Units:meters Geodetic Model: Horizontal Datum Name:North American Datum of 1927 Ellipsoid Name:Clarke 1866 Spatial Domain: Bounding Coordinates: West Bounding Coordinate:-74.739 East Bounding Coordinate:-73.652 WHERE HOW

  18. What’s Missing? Cadastral and scales larger than 1:24,000 Source: 1999 PaMAGIC survey

  19. Importance of GIS Standards • Enables seamless regional integration for planning, emergency management and other uses • Reduce the redundancy and duplication of data production • Promotes a common set of terminology to enable organizations to describe, utilize, and share information and data • Enables technology independent solutions • Provides a basis for conformity assessment

  20. GIS Standards • Metadata—FGDC Compatible • Data Creation—Setting the parameters for how data is collected, defined, encoded, and organized • Data Development & Management—Projections, Scales, Datums

  21. Data Creation • Standards for accuracy & quality • Standards for addressing • Standards for attribute encoding—naming conventions, common code set • Definitions of feature types—what defines a road, what defines a stream, etc.

  22. Development & Management • Compatible transfer format • Continuity of projection, scale, resolution, datum, etc.

  23. FGDC Standards Activities • 12 Endorsed Standards (Metadata, SDTS, Accuracy, Soils, Vegetation Classification) • 22 Under Development (Metadata Profiles, “Other” Data Content, “Other” SDTS Profiles • Active in ISO standards activities

  24. Future Pennsylvania Activities • Regional planning • Regional coordination efforts • Distributed data processing (i.e., routing) • ?????

  25. Need More Info • www.pasda.psu.edu • contact pasda@psu.edu • PASDA provides metadata, data storage, and educational services. • www.pagic.state.pa.us • Information on GIS activities throughout the state • www.fgdc.gov • National and international level data and standards activities

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