Overview of Classroom Systems

1. Overview of Classroom Systems Day 3, Section 5

3. Overview of Classroom Systems Arranging for Effective Behavior and Instructional Management

4. Purpose • To describe the implementation of a systems approach to classroom behavior and instructional management. • Critical features • Steps and effective practices • Supporting teachers

6. Objectives • Describe current status of classrooms(student-teacher interactions) • Focus on classroom component of PBIS – how to support teachers • Discuss several types of teacher support

7. What seems to be the problem? • OR… • Is there a problem with school discipline and student behavior?

8. Context: School Environment • Lack of discipline is viewed as one of the most serious challenges facing public schools • ~ National Education Goals Report (1995) • ~ U.S. Surgeon General’s Report (2002) • Teachers report that problem behavior is increasing and is a threat to effective learning • ~ Skiba and Peterson (2000) • Discipline and behavior problems in America’s public schools are serious, pervasive and are compromising student learning. • ~ Allison Rizzolo (May 2004)

9. Questions • You are on Day 3 of the PBIS training • Have you resolved all of your behavioral issues? • Are all of your staff on board? • Does your school have the same expectations from classroom to classroom?

11. School Factors Contributing to Antisocial Behavior • Reactive/punishing discipline approach • Lack of agreement about rules, expectations, and consequences • Lack of staff support • Failure to consider and accommodate individual differences • Academic failure ~ Roy G. Mayer Check for newer reference

12. Molly to add Video here (autism)

13. Factors • Lack of understanding of students with disabilities • Lack of understanding about how a student’s disability effects their behavior • Misinterpreting student’s motivation for behavior – • ALL Students

14. Current Status: Summary of Descriptive Research • Low rates of instructional interactions • Extremely low rates of praise • When interactions occur, most often around non-academic issues • Most academic activities consist of independent seatwork • Compliance to a command generally resulted in the delivery of another command • Correct academic responses by a student did not occasion teacher praise above chance levels • Inconsistent distribution of attention ~ Wehby, Shores, Symmons, etc.

15. Guiding Principles • Teach and manage social behaviors directly and proactively (positively and preventively)…like teaching reading, math, physics, music, etc. • Integrate social and academic management strategies within and across curricula. • Maximize academic success to increase social behavior success.

16. For your punishment, write 100 times, “I will not waste my time on meaningless tasks.”

18. What do the experts say? Classroom Management Training

19. Common Mistakes • Students don’t know what is expected of them • Absence of clear rules • Vaguely stated rules • Punishing students for failure to exhibit a behavior that they do not know how to do • Large increases in instructional minutes will not make up for ineffective instruction ~ Christenson et al. (1989); Rosenshine & Stevens (1986)

20. Mistakes • Talking too much and lecturing • Taking behaviors personal • Failure to model expectations • Weak consequences or not following through on consequences • Poor planning of lessons, making them too long, too short, lack of engagement

21. So what can we do?

22. Effective Strategies • Create an effective classroom • Instructional planning • Behavioral procedures

23. PBIS School Culture • Proactive Behavior Support for All • Common language • Agreements about expectations • Consistent and predictable environments • Three Tiered Model • Primary (all students, all times, all locations) • Secondary (efficient interventions for at-risk students) • Tertiary (individualized interventions for those students with the most intense problem behavior)

24. Reality • Focus • On what we can control • On what the student needs • Change • Adult behavior • The environment

25. Classroom School-wide Non-classroom Family Student

27. Social Competence, Academic Achievement and Safety SW Positive Behavior Support OUTCOMES Supporting Decision-Making SYSTEMS DATA Supporting Staff Behavior PRACTICES Supporting Student Behavior

28. Designing School-Wide Systems for Student Success • Tertiary, Individual Interventions…………..……..1.5% • Individual students • Assessment-based • High intensity • 1.5%.......................................Tertiary, Individual Interventions • Individual students • Assessment-based • Intense, durable procedures • Secondary Group Interventions..................5-10% • Some students (at-risk) • High efficiency • Rapid response • 5-10%..................................Secondary Group Interventions • Some students (at-risk) • High efficiency • Rapid response • Primary Interventions……………..…80-90% • All students • Preventive, proactive • 80-90%.......................Primary Interventions • All settings, all students • Preventive, proactive Academic Systems Behavioral Systems

29. Effective classroom management means…

30. DESIRED STUDENT OUTCOMES Academic achievement Social skill development (character education) Self-control & self-management INDICATORS OF MAXIMIZED STUDENT OUTCOMES High rates of active engagement High rates of correct responding High number of opportunities to respond High rates of task & socially appropriate behavior INDICATORS OF GOOD TEACHING

31. Evidence-Based Practices in Classroom Management Maximize structure in your classroom. Define, teach, review, monitor a small number of positively stated expectations. Establish a continuum of strategies to acknowledge appropriate behavior. Establish a continuum of strategies to respond to inappropriate behavior. Actively engage students in observable ways. ~ Simonsen, Fairbanks, Myers, & Sugai, accepted

32. Assess Your Current Status… Team Time Use Assessment Tool (LEWIS) to identify concerns. Later you’ll use this information to create the Action Plan form at the end of session.

33. Classroom Environmental Inventory SAMPLE

34. Classroom Matrix SAMPLE

35. Basic Rule Design the structure and functions of classrooms to increase predictability and to accommodate individual and collective needs of students.

36. Make a Plan Write down what the adult will do when students: behave appropriately engage in minor problem behaviors engage in major problem behaviors Only use strategies proven to be effective!

37. 1. Maximize Structure in Your Classroom • Considerations: • How many students will you have in the room at one time? • What kinds of activities will be taking place in your classroom? • Where should students be seated? • How will you regulate movement/supervise/interact? • What should my classroom look like? • Wall space, storage, lighting, etc.

38. Physical Environment • Seating/furniture arrangement • Traffic patterns • Materials/supplies • Student areas (e.g., small group, break, time-out) • Teacher areas (e.g., desk, materials) • Problem features (e.g., unsupervisable areas, dangerous items/equipment)

39. 2. Define, Teach, Review, Monitor a Small Number of Positively Stated Expectations

40. Routines • Increase predictability and consistency • Both teacher and student routines • Build into environment/prompts • Visual and Auditory cues • Consider “common” routines • Lining up • Meeting personal needs • Preparing for work • Attention cue • Transitions between activities

41. SAMPLE Classroom Routines

42. Teacher Routines • Planning and implementing instruction • Classroom movement (circulation) • Working with assistants, volunteers, student teachers • Communications

43. Establishing Classroom Climate • Develop plan before school starts • Determine expectations • Teach expectations directly • Use first weeks of school to establish: • Expectations and behavior/routines • “climate” (laugh, smile, accept student ideas) ~ Kame’enui & Simmons (1990)

44. Team Time – Expand Thoughts More & Correlate with Lewis’ Assessment • Review Classroom Physical Environment, Classroom and Teacher Routines which establish Classroom Climate. • Create initial thoughts (or more detail if team is ready) for action plan.

45. Teaching Classroom Expectations, Rules & Routines SAMPLE Adapted from Classroom Management: Self-Assessment Revised

46. School-Wide Classroom Support5 to 1 Ratio: Increasing Specific Praise SAMPLE

47. 3. Establish a Continuum of Strategies to Acknowledge Appropriate Behavior • Catch ‘em being good • Give 4 to 1 positives to negatives • Respond immediately • Be positive • Give information

48. Shirley – Find Barry World Cartoon for this !!

49. Characteristics of Effective Praise • Good praise follows the “if-then” rule • Make sure students are doing exactly what you want them to be doing • Praise them within 1 or 2 seconds after the behavior occurs • If it is an on-going behavior, praise during the behavior

50. Characteristics of Effective Praise • Effective praise… • includes student’s names • is descriptive • simply describe what the student is doing at the time – focusing on actions • is convincing/genuine • is varied • does not interrupt the flow of instruction