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Essential Question : What were the causes & effects of the Persian Gulf War? Warm-Up Question:

This text explores the causes and effects of the Persian Gulf War, focusing on the US involvement in the Middle East. It discusses incidents such as the Iran-Iraq War, the Iraq-Kuwait Dispute, the Iraq Invasion of Kuwait, and the aftermath of the war.

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Essential Question : What were the causes & effects of the Persian Gulf War? Warm-Up Question:

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  1. Essential Question: • What were the causes & effects of the Persian Gulf War? • Warm-Up Question: • What are some of the reasons why the US has become involved in the Middle East?

  2. Incident #1: The Iran-Iraq War

  3. U.S. RESPONSE #1: The Iran-Iraq War The U.S. gov’t restored full diplomatic relations; allowed American corporations to sell Iraq supplies; gave billions of dollars of loans; gave intelligence information to help Iraq fight Iran The Reagan administration did not criticize Saddam for using chemical weapons. In 1988, Dow Chemical sold $1.5 million of pesticides to Iraq which could be used as chemical warfare agents

  4. Incident #2: The Iraq-Kuwait Dispute

  5. U.S. Response #2: The Iraq-Kuwait Dispute In July, the Pentagon was busy developing a plan in the case of an Iraqi invasion of Kuwait or Saudi Arabia or both The U.S. government maintained the stance that the U.S. did not have an opinion on Arab-Arab conflicts but secretly prepared for war if Iraq invaded Kuwait

  6. Incident #3: Iraq Invasion of Kuwait

  7. U.S. Response #3: Iraq Invasion of Kuwait President Bush declared, “This aggression will not stand” & initiated Operation Desert Shield to protect Saudi Arabia Bush organized an international coalition against Iraq: Turkey & Syria closed oil pipelines, the USSR initiated an arms embargo, & a multi-national army was created to protect Saudi Arabia Operation Desert Shield

  8. After only 1 month of bombings, the U.S.-led coalition gained air supremacy; destroyed Iraqi supply routes & communications; limited Iraq's ability to produce nuclear or chemical weapons U.S. Response #3: Iraq Invasion of Kuwait Bush initiated Operation Desert Storm to eject Iraq from Kuwait by force 30% of Iraqi troops deserted before the ground campaign began. By March 1991, Iraq retreated from Kuwait Operation Desert Storm

  9. Incident #4: After the Persian Gulf War

  10. U.S. Response #4: After the Persian Gulf War When Ṣaddam refused to leave Iraq, U.S. & allied forces launched air strikes directed against the Iraqi gov’t & military. Within days U.S. forces had invaded Iraq from Kuwait

  11. In Dec 2003, Saddam Hussein was captured… …tried & executed for “crimes against humanity

  12. U.S. troops are still in Iraq trying to bring peace to Iraq, install a democratic gov’t, & overcome a strong anti-American revolt against U.S. troops. To date, no WMDs have been discovered in Iraq

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