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Stress Management in Adolescents

Stress Management in Adolescents. V.Sivaprakasam M.D.,D.C.H.,PGD-AP State President , IAP Tamilnadu 2012 E.B.Member National IAP Nataraja Children’s Hospital Chidambaram Tamilnadu. Managing Stress in Adolescents. Adolescence is the period of heightened Stress

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Stress Management in Adolescents

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  1. Stress Management in Adolescents V.Sivaprakasam M.D.,D.C.H.,PGD-AP State President , IAP Tamilnadu 2012 E.B.Member National IAP Nataraja Children’s Hospital Chidambaram Tamilnadu

  2. Managing Stress in Adolescents • Adolescence is the period of heightened Stress • This Heightened Stress is the basis for psychopathology and Suicidal Behaviour • Adolescence is the most common Time of Life for psychiatric illness to emerge • Anxiety Reaches its Lifetime Peak • Suicide is the fourth leading cause of death

  3. Managing Stress in Adolescents Why adolescence is the period of heightened Stress & Turmoil ? Limbic System(where Amygdala is seated) develops earlier than prefrontal control regions The imbalance between the activities of amygdala & ventral prefrontal cortex is the main reason for the heightened emotional behaviour in adolescence

  4. case scenario • +2 student S/o Nephrologists committed suicide for Low marks in +2 • LD student Says Traffic Jam in his brain and not able to read letters It Looks as though Jumping- Now in Kilpauk Mental hospital for Major Psychosis • One 10 th Student Stressed for her irregular Periods by her mother :u r doing sex with some one

  5. FOUR TYPES OF STRESS 1. General Stress: • Everyone has this kind of stress • It resolves itself within a day or two • No intervention is necessarily required

  6. FOUR TYPES OF STRESS 2. Cumulative Stress: • Stress builds up in your body • It becomes more difficult to alleviate your symptoms • You may have more serious physical symptoms • You may have more serious mental anguish

  7. FOUR TYPES OF STRESS 3. Acute Traumatic Stress: • Critical Incident Stress • Produces considerable psychological distress • A normal reaction to abnormal events

  8. FOUR TYPES OF STRESS 4. Post Traumatic Stress: • Severe stress produced by severe psychological trauma • Created by unresolved Critical Incident Stress • Produces lasting changes

  9. General Adaptation Syndrome • Stage I - Alarm Reaction • The “fight or flight” response which causes you to be ready for physical activity • However, it decreases the effectiveness of the immune system which makes you more susceptible to illness

  10. General Adaptation Syndrome • Stage II – Stage of adaptation • If stress continues, the body adapts to the stressors it is being exposed to • If the stressor is starvation, the person experiences a reduced desire for physical activity to conserve energy, and the absorption of nutrients from any food intake is maximized

  11. General Adaptation Syndrome • Stage III – Stage of Exhaustion • Stress persists for a long time • The body’s resistance may be reduced or collapse quickly • People who experience long-term stress may have heart attacks, severe infections, or chronic pain or illness

  12. How to handle • Take appropriate history • Varied Symptoms may not directly indicate Stress • Ask him to write it down .What causes Stress • How he suffer, How he is able to manage • Identify the Stressor • Individual counseling

  13. Counseling • Write down the problem • What is the trigger factor (Stressor) • What Coping Technique he Adopt • How he feels • How frequently he is Stressed • Whom do he wants to Communicate

  14. How to Proceed • Stress is common in every Adolescent • When it Increases _Distress • It affects –Cognitive Function • Emotional Function • Socialization • Behavor

  15. Who all involved • Concern Adolescent • Family • Friends • Therapist • Occupational Therapist • Child Psychiatrist • Adolescent Physician

  16. Therapist How to proceed • Adolescent aware of the Problem • Accept the Problem & suffering • Willing to come out of the Problem • His life can be lead by himself

  17. Assessment • Is there a problem? • What is the problem? • What is the extend of the problem? • What is the cause of the problem? • What could be done to Solve the problem? • Who should do it? • How to do it?

  18. What Therapist Decide • How many sessions ? • How long? • Strength & weakness of the Adolescent. • How to Approach the problem?

  19. Non Pharmacological Therapy • Individual Psycho Therapy • Group Psycho Therapy • Family Therapy • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

  20. Pharmacological Therapy • Anti Depressants • Anxiolitic Agents • Anti Psychiatric Drugs

  21. Stress • Stress –The way our body and mind react to life changes • Adolescents and stress ? Teens are under more stress Since adolescence is a period of significant changes physical, emotional, social, and academic changes many than at any other time of life.

  22. Is STRESS good or bad for us ?:  • EUSTRESS” Some amount of stress is essential for us to excel in life. This is good stress • DISTRESS ““ when stress is too much then it reduces performance . This is bad stress

  23. Stress in Adolescents • Deteriorating school performance • Inability to sleep or excessive sleep • Losing or gaining weight • Feeling low or tired all the time • Mood swings : crying, getting angry Not wanting to talk to anybody

  24. Managing Stress in Adolescents Identifying Major Sources of Stress “ When demand exceeds readily available energy, we rely on stress to force our system to meet the circumstances”

  25. Managing Stress in Adolescents Three steps in Managing Teen Stress • Identifying Major Sources of Stress • Recognising the warning Signs of Stress • Controlling the Gate Keepers

  26. Managing Stress in Adolescents Recognising the warning signs of stress a) Beware of constant fatigue I feel Tired all the time(wear your outlook down) b) Beware of nagging discomfort I worry and ache all the time (can Hurt) c) Beware of Burnout I have lost caring for what I usually cared about(depressing) d) Beware of Breakdown I cant seem to get myself going any more ( debilitating)

  27. Effects of stress • stress causes you be to live with. Fatigue • makes you feel negative • can cause you to become critical. • Discomfort that makes you oversensitive can cause you to act irritable. • Burnout that makes you insensitive can cause you to act nonresponsive. ‘ • ‘breakdown that makes you stop functioning can cause you to act unavailable. So if you come home or end the day feeling Stressed • Talk it out by explaining and don’t act it out

  28. Managing Stress in Adolescents Controlling the Gate Keepers A) Goals B) Standards C) Limits

  29. Goal • with how much she wants to accomplish for herself. • This is the problem of ambition. If she is committed to becoming a cheerleader, working extra • trying out for the lead in the high school play, she is creating a very high demand life for herself, • one that has a high likelihood of stress.

  30. Standards • have to do with how well she must perform all the time • . This is the problem of perfection. • If she is determined to maintain a 4.0 grade average, • to win all competitions, and to never make a mistake, • stress is more likely to come her way.

  31. Limits • respond to the wants of others. • must satisfy all that others desire • must not displease or disappoint anyone, • must not turn anyone down, then • social relationships can become extremely stressful.

  32. Family Life Education • Body image Not happy with the way you look • self-conscious feel everyone is staring at you • Color, short stature, White Discharge • Breast Size, Penis size, Beauty,

  33. Life Skill Education • Abilities for adoptive and positive behavior that enables individuals in making informed choices in the face of complex life situations

  34. DIFFERENT TYPES OF LIFE SKILLS (WHO) • Self awareness • Empathy • Interpersonal relations • Effective Communication • Critical thinking • Creative thinking • Decision making • Problem solving • Coping with emotions • Coping with stress

  35. Be more assertive • Deal with problems head on, doing your best to anticipate and prevent them. • If you’ve got an exam to study for and your chatty roommate just got

  36. Stress and Performance:  • Dealing more effectively with stress improves performance and the quality of life It is like salt and pepper to life • So all efforts should be to convert all stresses into EUSTRESS –This can be achieved by stress management techniques All stresses can be GOOD

  37. Stress Management • Stay positive to help friends and family cope with stress. • Let others know you're feeling overwhelmed and tell them how they can help. • Allow yourself to simply say "no" to friends and family when you know you cannot meet their demands without becoming overwhelmed.

  38. Time Management • Be prepared for unexpected problems such as traffic, a lost pet or a family emergency. • Prioritize. • Take control of your "to do" list by deciding what's really most important on your list.

  39. HEALTHY LIVING • Learn to manage your anger • Anger affects your health • Anger causes you to over react to many situations

  40. Write down feelings of sadness, frustration or anger to get a clearer perspective of your emotions

  41. Alter the situation • : Alter the situation If you can’t avoid a stressful situation Express your feelings instead of bottling them up • If something or someone is bothering you, communicate your concerns in an open and respectable way, try to alter it • Be willing to compromise. When you ask someone to change their behavior, be willing to do the same

  42. : Adapt to the stressor • If you can’t change the stressor, change yourself • You can adapt to stressful situations and regain your sense of control by changing your expectations and attitude. Reframe problems. • Try to view stressful situations from a more positive perspective. Rather than fuming about a traffic jam

  43. Focus on the positive • . If you see good things about yourself, you are more likely to feel good • Eliminate words such as "always," "never," "should," and "must." • These are telltale marks of self-defeating thoughts. • Do what you can, with what you have, where you are.

  44. : Accept the things you can’t change • . You can’t prevent or change stressors such as the death of a loved one, a serious illness, or a national recession. • The best way to cope with stress is to accept things as they are. • . Don’t try to control the uncontrollable (Behavior of other People)

  45. Look for the upside • .” When facing major challenges, try to look at them as opportunities for personal growth. • . Share your feelings. Talk to a trusted friend or make an appointment with a therapist. • Expressing what you’re going through can be very cathartic, even if there’s nothing you can do to • . Learn to forgive. Accept the fact that we live in an imperfect world and that people make mistakes. Let go of anger

  46. Exercise • . Exercise on a regular basis helps to turn down the production of stress hormones and associated neurochemicals. • Thus, exercise can help avoid the damage to our health that prolonged stress can cause. In fact, studies have found that exercise is a potent antidepressant, anxiolytic (combats anxiety), and sleeping aid for many people

  47. HEALTHY LIVING • Exercise: • At least twenty minutes, five times a week • break a sweat, to release endorphins

  48. Stress Management- Diet • Have healthy eating habits never skip breakfast • Reduce sedentary activities like TV Video games etc. • Eat healthy nutritious food. • Avoid Junk food . Avoid excess caffeine intake eg tea coffee chocolates and cola drinks

  49. Sweets, oils, fats Milk Meat Fruits Vegetables Cereals, legumes, roots, tubers FOOD PYRAMID There is a saying that the total amount of food one eats in his/her life time is the same. Only that some eat it so early and become ill and others spread it over the whole life time!

  50. 8hrs of Sleep

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