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Modernism

Modernism. Eunice Jung Eric Kim Yuna Nogata Thomas Shepherd Woo jin Kim. Thesis.

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Modernism

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  1. Modernism Eunice Jung Eric Kim YunaNogata Thomas Shepherd Woo jin Kim

  2. Thesis In the time period of Modernism, people were impacted by biggest events in world wide scales: World War One, World War Two, and Great depression. American writers were influenced to write about daily lives of people with fear , and in order to do so, writers used new techniques and words such as “Lost Generation”, Imagism, and Perspectivism.

  3. The Birth of Modernism • Common purpose: To capture the essence of modern life in both the form and content of their work. • Constructed literature work out of fragments • Themes of their works were implied rather than directly stated • In contrast to the Romanism, the Modernist cares rather little for Nature, Being, or the overarching structures of history. • "It was an age of miracles, it was an age of art, it was an age of excess, and it was an age of satire.” said Fitzgerald in Jazz Age

  4. WORLD WAR I • July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918 • Allies Vs. Alliance • One of the bloodiest and most tragic conflicts • Introduction of machine guns • In literature, forms of diaries and poetry were published from experience faced during the war

  5. Writers influenced by World War I All these writers were involved with WWI and expressed their horror in their writing • E.E. Cummings – I Carry Your Heart With Me • Ernest Hemingway - The Old Man and The Sea (shows struggle which is related to modern world life) – The Sun Also Rises (includes Gertrude Stein’s quote about Lost Generation • John Dos Passos – The 42nd Parallel • R.C. Sherriff -  Journey's End

  6. World War II • 1939-1945 • Second global scaled battle • Allies Vs. Axis • Novels, other forms of literature influenced by the war • Many media were published to retell major events in WWII: Holocaust, D-Day, and Pearl Harbor. • Leads to Great Depression in U.S.

  7. Writers influenced by World War II • John Gillespie Magee Jr. (Poet) – former pilot during WWII, wrote poetry to share his experience • Anne Frank- Anne wrote a diary describing her life when she was hiding during the Holocaust • Idea of “Lost Generation”

  8. JAZZ • Musical style originated from 20th century in African American communities (New Orleans) • Mix of African and European tradition •  F. Scott Fitzgerald invented Jazz Age • Louis Armstrong is one of the most famous jazz musician

  9. radio • Device which translates wireless transmission of signal to radio frequency range called, radio waves • Allowed media to grow in fast rate • Information was transferred easier and faster between people • Used in war time to communicate in the battle fields

  10. Great depression • 1930-1940 (After WWI) • Longest, deepest depression in 20th Century • Impacted not only the U.S., but the entire world • Fearful of future, drastically reduced spending • People start questioning America • Idea of “Lost Generation” becomes more clear

  11. The Lost Generation • Time period following WW1 & beginning of WW2 • Gertrude Stein first recognized the phenomenon and coined the phrase, but was popularized by Ernest Hemingway • The Sun Also Rises, written by Ernest Hemingway, shows great examples of the Lost Generation • Refers to young mechanic working for him as the Lost Generation because they couldn’t get the jobs done • Very pessimistic outlook on the world • Cynical, disillusioned, without emotional stability •  Disillusionment  is also another big trait

  12. Writers in Lost Generation • T.S. Eliot- “The Wasteland” • Ernest Hemingway The Sun Also Rises • William Faulkner- A Fable & The Reivers • F. Scott Fitzgerald- The Great Gatsby (disillusionment) • John Dos Passos- Manhattan Transfer (shows hopeless lives of American cities ) • Sinclair Lewis- Main Street

  13. The Hollow Men We are the hollow menWe are the stuffed menLeaning togetherHeadpiece filled with strawOur dried voices, whenWe whisper togetherAre quiet and meaninglessAs wind in dry grassOr rat’s feet over broken glassIn our dry cellar

  14. The Wasteland • Written by Thomas Stearns Eliot who was influenced by “Lost Generation” • Made of 433 lines and divided into 5 parts • Disillusionment and disgust of the period after WWI • Fragmentation, discontinuity, and decay • Usage of different voices through out the book • Uses many different allusions from different authors • “These fragments I have shored against my ruins”

  15. Imagism • 1909-1917 • Poetic movement • Attracted followers in U.S. and England • Demanded hard, clear expression, concrete images, and the language of everyday speech • Modeled after Greek/Roman classics, Chinese/Japanese poetry

  16. Ezra Pound • He was the one of the first ones to write with imagism • Author of Hugh Selwyn Mauberlyand In a Station of the Metro. • Hugh Selwyn Mauberly • The age demanded for an image. Of its accelerated grimace. • In a Station of the Metro. • The apparition of these faces in the crowd Ezra Pound(1885 – 1972) “Don't use such an expression as 'dim lands of peace'. It dulls the image. It mixes an abstraction with the concrete. It comes from the writer's not realizing that the natural object is always the adequate symbol”

  17. 6 methods to use Imagism • Natural object is always the adequate symbol. • Use no superfluous word, no adjective which does not reveal something. • It is better to present one Image in a lifetime than to produce voluminous works. • It is the presentation of such a 'complex' instantaneously which gives the sense of sudden liberation. • Go in fear of abstractions. Do not retell in mediocre verse what has already been done in good prose. • An 'Image' is that which presents an intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time.

  18. Stream-of-consciousness • To re-create the natural flow of character’s thoughts • interior monologue • Inner thinking of character during the play • James Joyce- Ulysses • John Dos Passos- The 42nd Parallel • Eugene O’Neill – Desire Under the Elms

  19. Ulysses • Written by James Joyce • One of the greatest work with usage of Stream-of-consciousness It uses imitation of The Odyssey. • It uses satire in ridiculing religion, culture, literary movements

  20. Different point of views • Perspectivism – writing in first-person point of view • Usage of many different narrators (multiple narrative points of view) • Usage of different levels of narrative • In poetry – attractive wordplay, unique typography, special punctuation • E.E. Cummings

  21. 3 most important writers of Modernism • T.S. Eliot • Expatriate Poet - influenced by “lost generation” • “The Waste Land” • Ezra Pound • Model for many Imagists – gave advices to aspiring Imagists • “Hugh Selwyn Mauberly” • F. Scott Fitzgerald • Best-known expatriate writer • The Great Gatsby

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