BELLWORK: 3/4

1. BELLWORK: 3/4 • Read page 592 & answer the following: • How did European nations view Asian and African societies? • What is imperialism? • Why was this type of “new imperialism” different than previous control of territories? • Why did Westerners begin to increase their search for colonies after 1880? List three reasons! • THINKER: What was the “White Man’s Burden?” Why was this a cause of imperialism?

2. Unit 5: Age of Imperialism and World War I Imperialism in Africa, Asia and the Americas

3. Introduction to Imperialism • After 1870, industrialized nations of Europe competed to acquire overseas colonies. • Causes: • European rivalries (land = power!) • Economic motives (resources & markets) • White Man’s Burden: Europeans had a “moral responsibility to civilize primitive people” • Spread Christianity & democracy

4. Discussion • Why do you think European nations believed they were superior to African and Asian peoples? What examples in history may have justified these beliefs?

7. Imperialism in Africa • One of the most profitable regions in the 1800’s was Africa. • African resources included rubber, diamonds, copper, gold, coffee, coal, and oil. • European powers begin to colonize African states  IMPERIALISM • Imperialism: Extension of a nation’s economic, political and social power over other lands • This led to a wave of European exploitation of African resources, land, and people. • Some colonies resisted, but most early rebellions failed. • The rivalries between European countries over control in Africa is one of the main causes of WWI.

10. In 1885, 14 nations met in Berlin and agreed to partition (divide) “this magnificent African cake” (Belgian King Leopold II)By 1914, Europeans controlled 90% of the continent.This week, you will learn about the colonization of the 4 regions: West, North, Central & South Africa.

11. BELLWORK: 3/6 Read about the colonization of North Africa on page 598  • Who was Muhammad Ali? Why was he successful? • Explain the motives for building the Suez Canal. How did this impact British involvement in Egypt? • Why did Britain want to expand into Sudan? How did the Sudanese respond? • List three North African territories that France colonized. • What happened when Italy tried to take over Ethiopia? When you are finished, continue labeling your Africa map!

12. Map of Africa 50 countries 924-925 Map quiz on Tuesday 3/12!

14. Africa Map Quiz! • Tuesday! 30 countries! • This will be included on your quarter 3 report card so make it count! • Map Song: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gY22KaQk0c4 • Learn with Amar: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfZdUQjmPwA

15. In 1885, 14 nations met in Berlin and agreed to partition (divide) “this magnificent African cake” (Belgian King Leopold II)By 1914, Europeans controlled 90% of the continent.This week, you will learn about the colonization of the 4 regions: West, North, Central & South Africa.

16. Colonization of West Africa • European influence in West Africa began when it became the center of the slave trade. • As the slave trade declined in the late 1800’s, Europe’s interest in other forms of trade increased  natural resources! • By 1900, Britain and France annexed huge portions of West Africa (annex: incorporate a territory into an existing country)

18. Muhammad Ali • Ottomans withdrew from Egypt  1805: Ali seized power and established a separate Egyptian state. • Introduced a series of reforms to modernize Egypt: military, education, small industry • The growing economic importance of Egypt led to desire to build Suez Canal

19. Explain the motives for building the Suez Canal. How did this impact British involvement in Egypt?

21. BELLWORK: 3/6 Read about the colonization of North Africa on page 598  • Who was Muhammad Ali? Why was he successful? • Explain the motives for building the Suez Canal. How did this impact British involvement in Egypt? • Why did Britain want to expand into Sudan? How did the Sudanese respond? • List three North African territories that France colonized. • What happened when Italy tried to take over Ethiopia? When you are finished, continue labeling your Africa map!

22. Outcome: Division of North Africa

23. Outcome: Division of North Africa

24. Outcome: Division of North Africa

25. 3/7: No bellwork today! Instead, spend the first few minutes reviewing your map of Africa.

26. Imperialism in Africa • We will continue our study of the colonization of Africa: • Central/Eastern Africa (pg. 598-599) • Southern Africa (pg. 600-601) • While reading, complete the graphic organizer • Use North Africa as a model  read the section first, simplify the information, summarize it on the worksheet. You should think BIGGER PICTURE not about detailed events, dates, etc

28. BELLWORK: 3/8 • Who was David Livingstone? How did his journey (as well as Henry Stanley) affect European imperialism? • Explain the importance of King Leopold II in the colonization of Africa. • What was decided at the Berlin Conference of 1885? • Who was Cecil Rhodes? • What was the outcome of the Anglo-Boer War? How did this impact the Zulu?

29. David Livingstone • Who was David Livingstone? How did his journey (as well as Henry Stanley) affect European imperialism?

30. King Leopold II • Explain the importance of King Leopold II in the colonization of Africa.

31. Cecil Rhodes • Who was Cecil Rhodes? After diamonds were discovered in 1867, thousands of Europeans came to Africa to make their fortunes. As a result, Rhodes created the Da Beers Mining Company which still dominates the world diamond market today. “I think what God would like me to do is to paint as much of Africa British red as possible.”

33. Anglo-Boer War • The Boers (also known as Afrikaners) were the descendants of the original Dutch settlers of southern Africa. They believed white superiority was ordained by God. • They frequently battled the indigenous Zulu people. • Eventually the British military joined the conflict, and they defeat the Zulu & Boers in the Anglo-Boer War. • As a result, England created the Union of South Africa. To establish peace, they agreed to only allow whites (including Boers) to vote. • What was the outcome of the Anglo-Boer War? How did this impact the Zulu?

35. Blood Diamonds Effects of Imperialism in Africa (& Current Event!)

36. Diamonds mined in a war zone and sold to finance civil wars, terrorism, genocide, or a dictator’s activities. Mostly in Africa  2/3 of the world’s diamonds are mined here Blood Diamonds Make a connection  How did the post-imperial period lead to Civil War?

39. The RUF controlled the diamond mines in Sierra Leone during the Civil War. Used profits of diamonds to fund weapons and war Used 10,000 child soldiers in the conflict RUF would abduct boys (soldiers) and girls (prostitutes) from villages; ages 7-12 For initiation, they often times would make child soldiers murder their parents They would force children to use cocaine. If they refused, they would cut open a wound, and rub cocaine in the wound. For entertainment, some soldiers would bet on the gender of an unborn baby and then slice open a woman's womb to determine the winner Known for amputations: they would amputate people’s hands to prevent them from voting Estimated to kill 250,000 people The Revolutionary United Front

42. Video: Blood Diamonds • This documentary will take you around the world to shed light on this tragic reality of blood diamonds • Personal stories of those who have fallen victim to the industry • Meet the participants who keep the industry running. • Answer the questions on the worksheet and be ready to discuss!

43. Effects of Imperialism in AfricaRead pgs. 601-602 and take notes: Colonial Rule Rise of African Nationalism