Recruiting a More Diverse Faculty…

1. Recruiting a More Diverse Faculty… Role of Search Committee John T. Rose April 14, 2010

2. Recruiting Diverse Faculty Requires: • Leadership from the President, Provost and Dean • Support from the Academic Community • Pro Active Sourcing • Allocating and investing resources to get ahead of the curve. • Clear evaluation criteria and checkpoints • On-going CDO advice and guidance

3. CDO Role • Educator • Collaborator/Persuader • Facilitator • Catalyst

4. Dispelling Myths • Diversity • Not about hiring quotas, or showing preference to particular groups • Allows the best use of talent • Removing barriers and providing equal access and equal opportunity • Sometimes those barriers are subtle or subconscious

5. Institutional Goals • Faculty should represent the availability of qualified candidates from each protected group • Use federally-mandated data, on PhD’s in each discipline

6. Myths About Hiring And Faculty Diversity • “Relatively few qualified minority candidates are available, and these are highly sought-after, so we are unlikely to recruit them.” • “We are doing everything we can, so the situation is already the best it can be.” • Although availabilities differ, in most cases HEI’s are not hiring faculty anywhere close to the proportion that are available • Data suggest that minorities are not sought-after

7. Myths About Hiring And Faculty Diversity • We only use quality as a criterion for hiring. Adding diversity will therefore compromise quality. • Quality can be hard to define, and can be applied differently to different groups • Unconscious biases influence our evaluations • Example: Name Bias

8. Key Steps of Recruiting Process Sourcing Candidates: The Position Description • Defining the Position • Determining Rank • Determining Qualifications • Advertisement Language

9. Position Description (Defining) • Job descriptions Should Have Broad Description of Commitment to Scholarship, Experience and Disciplinary Background. • Should Label Qualifications as “Preferred”, instead of “Required” and use “should” instead of “must” • Where possible, Years of Experience Should be Flexible. • For example, in some disciplines Academic Credentials plus experience as a corporate or NGO executive might add more value than instructional experience alone • Open Rank Provides Flexibility

10. Position Description (Advertising Signals) • The type of language used in the position description may be important to attracting Diverse Candidates. • For Example, Some Colleges Use Phrases Such As: • “We are seeking candidates who have a strong commitment to teaching undergraduate and graduate students from diverse cultural backgrounds” • “We are strongly committed to achieving excellence through cultural diversity”

11. Position Description (Advertising signals) • “Demonstrated Success In Working With Diverse Populations”. • “Experience Interacting With Diverse Populations or Students of Color”. • “Academic Experiences With Culturally Diverse Populations”. • “Interest In Developing and Implementing Curricula Related to Culturally Diverse Populations”. • “Experience With a Variety of Teaching Methods”.

12. The Search Committee • Composition • Charging & Orienting Search Committee • Developing a timeline • Developing selection criteria • Generating a diverse candidate pool

13. Search Committee (Selection Criteria) • Develop search screening protocol to assure fairness, consistency and uniformity • Consider Departmental/Institutional needs broadly • value research and creative endeavors that reflect diversity • recognize importance of diverse mentors as role models for student • value experience and instructional approaches which will promote cultural competence

14. The Search Plan • Cast a wide net • Broaden Pool • Use multiple, simultaneous recruitment strategies. • Use M/W Journals, Publications, Assocs • Move from Traditional to Active Recruiting.

15. Search Plan-Active vs. Passive • Beyond reliance on postings (Passive) Search Committee should actively engage in networking and other outreach efforts to generate a pool of diverse candidates, including: • Mailings to academic discipline minority caucus and to other special interest groups • Phone contacts with leadership of diverse professional association, academic discipline minority caucus or other minority organization • Personal approach to potential applicants at academic conferences or professional meetings to encourage applications • Consultation with minority faculty on Campus about effective outreach strategies • Identify possible candidates in the academic discipline through MWMD Directory and other resources • Personal letters inviting candidates to apply and/or to refer others • Recruiting trips to University that have high minority PhD graduates • Identify those in your discipline who maintain diverse networks (“Gatekeepers”) and ask for referrals

16. Candidate Evaluation- Making the Short List • Determining short list criteria • Developing short list candidates • Use of multiple short lists

17. Making the Short List • Screen for relevancy, fairness and consistency; but don’t overlook non-traditional experience • Create clear criteria in advance for discussing candidates • Be aware of potential bias towards candidate with degrees from Ivy/Elite schools • Look beyond publication record to other measures of academic merit—teaching excellence, work experience, service and outreach • Create “short’ list for each selection criteria and consider developing “medium” list, if necessary

18. Search Committee- Mistakes to Avoid • Assuming there are no Diverse Candidates in the Pipeline for your discipline • Failure to spend time analyzing factors that determine why Diverse Candidates do not apply. • Not soliciting the experiences and perceptions of Diverse Faculty that have been hired • Greater scrutiny of Diverse applicant credentials - Credentials must be from Elite or Ivy League Universities • “King of the Hill” and “Queen Bee” Syndrome • Unconscious Bias - desire to hire people “who are like us”.

19. Quality is Subjective: The Mythof Pure Merit (Cont’d) • Unconscious biases influence our evaluations • Example: Recommendation Focus (Trix & Psenka 2003 Study) • letters for women were shorter • letters for men focused on different skills

20. Gender Differences In Faculty Recommendations

21. Gender Differences In Faculty Recommendations

22. Letters of Recommendation: Differences By Gender • Most common phrases for women: • Her training • Her teaching • Her application • Most common phrases for men: • His research • His skills and abilities • His career • By this measure, men are portrayed more as researchers and professionals.

23. Candidate Evaluation Handling the Campus Visit and Evaluating Finalists • Consider Communications 2-Way • Determine evaluation criteria in advance • Arrange interviews, demos and job talks • Consistency of opportunity (time, formatting, space, technology, attendees) • Ask uniform interview questions • Follow-up may be different • Gather equivalent info on all candidates • Seek feed back on specific issues or facets of candidate’s performance/potential

24. Candidate Evaluation (Consistency) • Make sure uniform questions properly examine knowledge, skills, experience and temperament in a variety of settings • Provide template or evaluation forms so Search Committee can rate each candidate both on answers to Q’s and overall • Be aware of potential hidden bias • Ivy/Elite Education • candidate thinks “like us” • candidate “looks” like a fit or “won’t be happy here” • Think carefully about what constitutes excellence in a candidate • value of non-traditional career paths • non-traditional research interests or publications • record of or willingness to engage in community service with diverse populations

25. Candidate Evaluation (Campus Visit) • Demonstrate Sincere Interest In Candidate. • Allow candidate to understand Departmental research, teaching and service expectations. • Identify Diverse and Majority Faculty who have similar scholarly interests so candidate may follow-up • Provide an itinerary that allows candidate to get a feel for College’s Diverse Campus and College Community (Faculty/Students) • Anticipate areas of likely inquiry (culture/climate, service/governance responsibilities/opportunities, departmental relations) to marshal thoughtful response • Provide contextual information so candidate can make informed decision as to “fit”

26. Job Offer • Must be enthusiastic • Make Quality Offer (Avoid low balls) • Provide good resources (office, lab, equipment) • Avoid burdening with service obligations

27. Job Offer • Make sure candidates know salary range and progression • Discuss departmental/institutional benefits and resources that can be made available to improve “quality” of professional and personal/family life

28. National Recruitment Trends • Establish pool of qualified minority faculty applicants • Attend Disciplinary conferences. • Attend Conferences for minority doctoral students. • Involve HEI Diversity Office • Contact Multicultural Associations • Contact Department Chairs at HBCUs to Identity Potential Applicants

29. National Recruitment Trends • Review Scholarly Journals & Conference Programs to Identify Potential Applicants • Host a Future Faculty Career Exploration Program to Attract Applicants. • Educate deans, department chairs and faculty members on diversity recruitment goals.

30. Post-Hire Retention Issues • Support new hire • welcoming environment (office ready, paper work ready, introductions) • maintain contact-listen well, make adjustments • follow-up regularly (tackle problems early) • identify collegial networks • identify informal faculty mentors • recognize potential overload from mentoring minority students and adjust service expectations • Clearly state standards and procedures for advancement/tenure

31. Q & A

32. Acknowledgement • This presentation includes ideas, suggestions and materials provided by my colleagues at the City University of New York (CUNY) or publically available at CUNY institutions or other public higher education institutions.