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Opening Question (9/13)

Opening Question (9/13). Copy This Chart Down into your Notebooks. The Renaissance (Rebirth). Beginning of the M odern World. The World Before 1500 AD. Major Trade Routes Silk Road (China’s Pacific coast to Mediterranean Sea) Arabs controlled most overland routes (ex. Saharan Routes)

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Opening Question (9/13)

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  1. Opening Question (9/13) • Copy This Chart Down into your Notebooks

  2. The Renaissance (Rebirth) Beginning of the Modern World

  3. The World Before 1500 AD Major Trade Routes • Silk Road • (China’s Pacific coast to Mediterranean Sea) • Arabs controlled most overland routes • (ex. Saharan Routes) • Hanseatic League • controlled Northern Europe’s coast and Black Sea • Italians (Genoans and Venetians) • controlled the Mediterranean Sea Routes • Sea routes to Asia and India • were made around African coast

  4. Silk Road China => Northern India => Middle East => Constantinople => into Europe (Italy)

  5. What Trade Helped to Accomplish • Why is it important to study? • Exchange of products, ideas, technology, and scientific advancements • India (Sea Route around Africa) • Medicines, textiles • Middle East (Arab-Saharan Route) • Numerical system, astronomy, mathematics • China (Silk Road) • Paper, compass, silk, and porcelain

  6. The Renaissance (Revival of Curiosity about the world) What was it? • Renaissance means “REBIRTH” in French • Considered the birth of the modern world • Revival of Classical knowledge, culture and art • Greek and Roman culture and art • Seen in artwork, literature, and philosophy of Europeans When was it? – Lasted from 1300–1600 AD

  7. Starts in Italian City-States Where did it start? • Started in Italy (Important cities – Genoa, Florence, and Venice) • Italy was not a united country (group of independent city-states) • Most cities had experienced a stimulation in trade • Due to the Crusades • Eventually will move north into the rest of Europe

  8. How and why did it start?? • Why Italy? • Central location on the Mediterranean Sea • Access to trade routes from Middle East and Byzantine Empire • Helped Italian City-States accumulate wealth • Italian City-States are located between Northern Europe and the Middle East • Crusades help to stimulate trade • New products brought in from the Middle East • Stimulates trade between Middle East and Europe

  9. More Reasons the Renaissance Began • New Banking Practices established • Most major Italian City-States are republics • Increase in trade creates the need for new business practices • Credit is established • Banks start to charge interest on money that is leant out (Usury) • Church has rules against it • Italian bankers ignore it and it increases secularism • Secularism = Moving away from church influencing life • Introduction Arabic numerals (Makes it easier to keep records of money)

  10. Who supported it? (Who paid these artists?) • Wealthy Italians support new artistic movement that was going on • Called “Patrons” • Ex – Lorenzo de Medici and his family (the Medici family) • Pay for new pieces of artwork to be created • Supported the arts (much like charity) • Why? Help to improve society and their legacy

  11. Movements born out the Renaissance Humanism: (Seen in the writing and literature) • Most important movement during the Renaissance • Focused on the classics (Greek and Roman) literature and culture • Believed that by studying the classics one could live a moral and fulfilling life • Celebrated the individual and one’s ability to determine right over wrong • Humanist scholars and writers started raiding any work they could find in Latin that was from the Ancient Roman Empire • Conflict for many Italian Humanist who were still Catholics • many still committed to religious beliefs • Created personal conflict and tension with church

  12. Who and What spread these writings? • Johannes Gutenberg invents the Printing Press – in 1440 (could make books quickly) • Remember that in the middle ages that Monks in monasteries had to copy books by hand  • Now books could not be burned or destroyed if the church or kings did not like them or want them around!!! • We will examine this more closely at the end of the unit

  13. End of Day Question • In concise paragraph, please explain to me in your own words how European society changed between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. • Think about why we start a course in modern history with a look at the Renaissance….

  14. Artwork during the Renaissance • New Artwork in Italy • Different from Medieval Art • Medieval Art: (Looks bland) • Flat (did not look like real) • Disproportionate sizes on people and figures • All religious topics (mostly salvation) • New Renaissance Art: (Vibrant and bright colors – looks exciting) • Focused more on individuals • More secular topics/more worldly subject matters • Use of perspective (adds depth to paintings) • More realistic portrayal of human body • Still has a focus on Christianity (just the not only focus)

  15. Writers and Painters (We will discuss them next class!) • Examples of Renaissance Art Work • Leonardo da Vinci’s – “Last Supper” (Fresco = painted on wall) • Mona Lisa => • Oil on Canvas

  16. Another Example (Michelangelo) “DAVID” – biblical figure “Sistine Chapel” – In the Vatican Pope commissioned Michelangelo to paint a giant fresco on the walls of this chapel in the Vatican (head church in Rome) • Marble Sculpture

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