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Ch. 2 The Ancient Near East. Relief Sculptures ( Carvings ). Relief In sculpture, figures projecting from a background of which they are part. The degree of relief is designated high, low (bas ), or sunken.
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Ch. 2 The Ancient Near East Relief Sculptures ( Carvings )
Relief In sculpture, figures projecting from a background of which they are part. The degree of relief is designated high, low (bas ), or sunken.
Figure 2-5 Presentation of offerings to Inanna (Warka Vase), from Uruk (modern Warka), Iraq, ca. 3200–3000 BCE. Alabaster, 3’ 1/4” high. Iraq Museum, Baghdad. Sumerian Narrative is divided into registers. Registers- horizontal bands that help clarify the composition. Narrative relates to crops and offerings to the Gods. Conceptual or composite view of figures.
Figure 2-7 Fragment of the victory stele of Eannatum (Stele of the Vultures), from Girsu (modern Telloh), Iraq, ca. 2600–2500 BCE. Limestone, fragment 2’ 6” high, full stele 5’ 11” high. Louvre, Paris. Sumerian Stele- carved stone slab erected to commemorate a historical event. Hierarchy of Scale- Depicts battle scene with a ensi (ruler/king) larger than other figures because of his importance. Use of BOTH of words and images.
Figure 2-11 Banquet scene, cylinder seal (left) and its modern impression (right), from the tomb of Pu-abi (tomb 800), Royal Cemetery, Ur (modern Tell Muqayyar), Iraq, ca. 2600 BCE. Lapis lazuli, 2” high. British Museum, London. Sumerian Seals used to document and protect objects from unauthorized opening. Seal contained incised design so clay imprint would be raised. Cylinder is sunken relief and seal is high relief.
Figure 2-13 Victory stele of Naram-Sin, from Susa, Iran, 2254–2218 BCE. Pink sandstone, 6’ 7” high. Louvre, Paris. Akkadian First time king –Naram-Sin-appears as a god in Mesopotamian art ( horned helmet). Hierarchy of Scale Mountain rising to heavens echoes the ziggurat.
Figure 2-14 Votive disk of Enheduanna, from Ur (modern Tell Muqayyar), Iraq, ca. 2300 – 2275 BCE. Alabaster, diameter 10”. University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia Akkadian Honors earliest known named author in world history, Enheduanna. Enheduanna-a female poet -was also priestess to the moon god Nanna. Shape of stele mimics the moon. 4 story ziggurat on left.
Figure 2-17 Stele with law code of Hammurabi, from Susa, Iran, ca. 1780 BCE. Basalt, 7’ 4” high. Louvre, Paris. Babylonian Stele with law code. Laws are written in cuneiform character below. Represents ruler’s –Hammurabi-capacity to build social order. Narrative depicted in high relief on top. Depicts foreshortening in beard and throne of Shamash.
Figure 2-22 Assyrian archers pursuing enemies, relief from the Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Kalhu (modern Nimrud), Iraq, ca. 875–860 BCE. Gypsum, 2’ 10 5/8” high. British Museum, London. Assyrian Relief found on palace walls Example of conceptual depiction of narrative for clarity. Scale and perspective are distorted.
Figure 2-23 Ashurbanipal hunting lions, relief from the North Palace of Ashurbanipal, Nineveh (modern Kuyunjik), Iraq, ca. 645–640 BCE. Gypsum, 5’ 4” high. British Museum, London. Assyrian Hunt symbolized warfare.
Figure 2-26 Processional frieze (detail) on the terrace of the apadana, Persepolis, Iran, ca. 521–465 BCE. Limestone, 8’ 4” high Persian Relief is more rounded than previous examples. Part of a frieze in the apadana.
Figure 2-28 Triumph of Shapur I over Valerian, rock-cut relief, Bishapur, Iran, ca. 260 CE. Persian Rock –cut Depicts Roman emperor Valerian Created during Roman Empire period.
