Street Angels First Aid Training

1. Street Angels First Aid Training Instructor: Ellis King

2. Administration

3. Learning Outcome • By the end of this course you will have gained the basic skills and knowledge to demonstrate that you can work as an Emergency First Aider in the workplace. • All the skills and knowledge gained on this course will be broken down into smaller objectives throughout the day. • The qualification you will be working toward is the Emergency First Aid at Work (FAW)

4. General Structure

5. The Importance of First Aid • Research conducted back in the mid part of the 90’s by Hussain and Redmond demonstrated that first aid could have prevented deaths in up to 39% of people who died from a medical emergency before reaching hospital.

6. Objectives of First Aid (The Three P’s) • Preserve Life • Prevent further injury/condition deteriorating • Promote recovery At all times follow the principal of DO NO HARM

7. In a Nutshell • First aid is: • Immediate but temporary care

8. The Priorities of First Aid

9. Primary Survey Remember DR ABC

10. Airway

11. Breathing • Look, listen and feel for a maximum of 10 seconds for normal breathing

12. Circulation If normal breathing is present, circulation is also present Be sure to check for, and control any major bleeding

13. The Practical Bit DR. ABC

14. The Secondary Survey • The secondary survey consists of: • A more detailed examination of the casualty • Making a diagnosis via: • History and external clues • Signs • Symptoms • Treating what you find • The recovery position

15. History and External Clues • History: • The amount of force involved • Casualties age and state of health • The environment • Are they suffering from any illnesses? • External clues: • Warning Bracelets • Medicines/inhalers

16. Signs • The empirical bit. What can you see, feel, hear or smell?: • Bleeding • Bruising • Swelling • Deformity • Vomit • Noisy breathing • Alcohol

17. Symptoms • What the casualty can tell you: • Pain • Loss of sensation • Dizziness • Nausea • Loss of movement • Faintness • Anxiety

18. The Recovery Position • Used for an unconscious casualty who isbreathing • It: • Prevents the tongue from blocking the throat • Aids drainage

19. Further Study • Austin. M, (2014) First Aid Manual, 10th Edition, Published by: Dorling Kindersley (DK), London.

20. Any Questions?

21. Take a Break

22. Basic Life Support Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (C.P.R)

23. Cardiac Arrest • Relationship between survival rate and time to defibrillation

24. Head tilt/chin lift Hands in centre of chest Shake and shout Check for max 10 seconds

25. Chest Compressions • Rate = 100-120 Per minute • Depth = 5-6 cm • Ratio = 30 compressions/2 ventilations Note – if done correctly this only provides a maximum of 30% normal cardiac output

26. Ventilation with a Pocket Mask • Advantages • Eliminates direct contact • Allows for adequate lung ventilation • Can be attached to supplementary oxygen

27. Final Thoughts • If you start C.P.R the patient may, or may not, be successfully resuscitated. If you do not start their chance of survival will diminish by 20% per minute • Don’t let your C.P.R skills get rusty, after all a friends life may depend upon them

28. The Practical Bit DR. ABC

29. Any Questions?

30. Further Study • Austin. M, (2014) First Aid Manual, 10th Edition, Published by: Dorling Kindersley (DK), London. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sErVV0ks2YA • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toStEtTx5zo

31. Choking

32. Obstruction by a Foreign Body • Signs and symptoms • Universal distress signal for choking • Victim can not speak or make any sound • Cyanotic skin • Exaggerated but ineffective breathing sounds • Collapse

33. Techniques to Relieve Choking • Finger sweep • Coughing • Back slaps • Abdominal thrusts

34. Finger Sweep • Used to clear the airway manually • Do not force the foreign body further down the airway • Only go as far as you can see • Only use your fingers

35. Coughing • Most effective way if the airway is partially blocked • Calm the casualty down • Ask them to cough • Don’t continue asking if they cannot expel the foreign body

36. Back Slaps • Used to create an artificial cough • Delivered between the shoulder blades with the flat of your hand in an upwards motion

37. Abdominal Thrusts • Used if the patient develops poor air exchange or if the airway is completely blocked • Purpose is to create an artificial cough • Abdominal thrusts can be performed whilst patient is sitting, standing or laying down

38. Mild or Severe • Mild: • Patient speaks and answers yes • Patient is able to speak, cough and breathe • Severe: • Patient is unable to speak • Patient is unable to breathe, sounds wheezy, silent coughing • May be unconscious

39. Adult Choking Assess Severity Severe airway obstruction Mild airway obstruction Unconscious start C.P.R Encourage to cough, continue to monitor Conscious start 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts

40. The Practical Bit DR. ABC

41. Any Questions?

42. Further Study • Austin. M, (2014) First Aid Manual, 10th Edition, Published by: Dorling Kindersley (DK), London.

43. Take a Break

44. Unconsciousness

45. Unconsciousness • “A state of complete or partial unawareness, or lack of response to stimuli.” • Results from an interruption of the brains normal activity • Prone to secondary injury

46. Causes FISH sHAPED Stroke Heart attack Asphyxia/Asthma Poisoning Epilepsy Diabetes • Fainting • Intoxication • Shock • Head injury

47. Head Injuries

48. Types of Head Injury • Scalp • Skull • Brain: • Concussion • Compression

49. Concussion • Results from the brain being shaken

50. Concussion • Signs and symptoms: • Unconscious for a short period • Memory loss • Dizziness or nausea • Treatment: • A.B.C’S and monitor • If recovered within 3 minutes watch closely, if not seek medical help