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Nuclear Physics

Nuclear Physics. The Nucleus: Back to Rutherford. Rutherford. the nucleus. Notation A X Z. Atomic number. e.g. 55 Fe 26 A=55, Z=26, N=29. Atomic mass. All Stable Nuclei are composed of a. protons and electrons. b. protons and neutrons. c. neutrons and electrons. d. only protons.

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Nuclear Physics

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  1. Nuclear Physics

  2. The Nucleus: Back to Rutherford Rutherford

  3. the nucleus Notation AXZ Atomic number e.g. 55Fe26 A=55, Z=26, N=29 Atomic mass

  4. All Stable Nuclei are composed of a. protons and electrons. b. protons and neutrons. c. neutrons and electrons. d. only protons. e. only neutrons.

  5. Isotopes and Isobars • Isotopes – different number of neutrons • Carbon comes in types • Carbon-12 (Z=6,A=12,N=6) • Carbon-14 (Z=6, A=14, N=8) • Isobars – different elements, same A • e.g. • Carbon-14 (Z=6,A=14,N=8) (radioactive) • Nitrogen-14 (Z=7,A=14,N=7) (stable) • Oxygen-14 (Z=8,A=14,N=6) (radioactive)

  6. Nuclear Binding

  7. Strong Force (Quantum Chromodynamics)

  8. Units of mass • Mass • kg • MeV/c2 Using E=mc2 • Amu (or u) 1/12 m(12C) • includes electron • 1u=931.49 MeV/c2 • = 1.6605x10-27kg

  9. Binding Energy E=mc2 matom H

  10. The charge on the neutron is a. the same as the charge of the proton. b. zero. c. half the proton charge. d. proportional to the square of the nuclear radius. e. twice the proton charge.

  11. the curve of binding energy

  12. Binding energy is negative(but written as a positive quantity) most stable

  13. Fission Fig 45-2a, p.1482

  14. The chain reaction Fig 45-3, p.1483

  15. Chain reaction chainreaction

  16. Fig 45-4, p.1484

  17. Devastation

  18. controlling it Fig 45-6, p.1486

  19. Fig 45-5, p.1485

  20. Fig 45-CO, p.1479

  21. Fusion and power Fig 45-14, p.1494

  22. Squeeze it Princeton Plasma Physics Lab Fig 45-10a, p.1491

  23. ITER Fig 45-11, p.1492

  24. blow it up National Ignition Facility (NIF) Livermore Fig 45-12, p.1493

  25. Why neutronsspacers and glue Nuclear binding

  26. Valley of stability

  27. 15. How does the rest energy of a nucleus compare to the sum of the rest energies of the individual nucleons when apart from the nucleus? a. It is greater than the sum. b. It is less than the sum. c. It is equal to the sum. d. It is in the ratio of 1:1.25. e. It is in the ratio of 1:1.1.

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