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Brain and Computers

Brain and Computers. Francisco Gómez PhD Ciencias de la Computación Para todos Departamento de Matemáticas Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional de Colombia 2018. Modeling computers.

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Brain and Computers

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  1. Brain and Computers Francisco Gómez PhD Ciencias de la Computación Para todos Departamento de Matemáticas Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional de Colombia 2018

  2. Modelingcomputers “In order to make our interactions with machines more natural, we’ve learned to model them after ourselves.” Joseph Jacquard

  3. Moravec’s paradox • low-level sensorimotor skills require enormous computational resources? • High-level reasoning requires very little computation!! ¿How we perceive machines?

  4. ¿Why Moravec’s paradox? Millions of years!! Thousands of years!! Easytomodel Hardtomodel

  5. Computers vs Brain

  6. Computers vs Brain: In computation Computer Wins!! https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/computers-vs-brains/

  7. Computers vs Brain: processing of information, Brain wins!! - Processing is binary (synapsis) - Processors units are preprogrammed (genetic patterning or learned associations) - Parallel way - Data and instructions are memory - Data is crunched in the CPU - Serial way

  8. Visual system processing

  9. Visual system processing Nature Neurosciencevolume 19, pages356–365 (2016)

  10. New kinds of computation

  11. Whatweknowaboutthebrain? "Understanding how the brain works is arguably one of the greatest scientific challenges of our time." –Alivisatos Computationalneurosciencefocused Initialgoal: Simulate a Brain Computationalneuroscience Initialgoal: Functional Connectome

  12. Whatweknowwiththesetech?: Black Mirror(Sesion 4)!!

  13. Mindreading (decoding, communication) tech!!

  14. Communication in lock in patients

  15. Comatose and postcomatose Diagnosis Prognosis

  16. Brain Imaging Locked-in Syndrome Healthy Controls Brain Computer Interface (EEG – fMRI) REM sleep Communication Minimal Conscious State Content of Consciousness: Awareness Deep sleep Active functional neuro-imaging might reveal subclinical command following General Anesthesia COMA Eye pursuit Command following Eye opening Vegetative State Brain Death Level of Consciousness: Wakefulness Laureys et al., Lancet Neurology, 2004 (sleep data from Maquet; anesthesia data from Alkire)

  17. Restingphenomena "fMRI data analysis" in Functional MRI: Basic Principles and Emerging Clinical Applications Gómez, Castellanos

  18. Alterations of Multiple RSNs for DOC locked-in syndrome Functional connectivity in "default network" Vanhaudenhuyse & Noirhomme et al. Brain, 2010 Demertzi & Gómez et al. Cortex, 2014

  19. Alterations of Multiple RSNs for DOC locked-in syndrome Functional connectivity in "default network" Vanhaudenhuyse & Noirhomme et al. Brain, 2010 Demertzi & Gómez et al. Cortex, 2014

  20. Altered connectivity among RSNs Control MCS ECN. L * VS/UWS d=3.4 d=3.5 Control d=4.45 d=5.3 MCS ECN. R VS/UWS Significant differences VS/UWS and MCS (p<0.05, Bonferroni corrected), d Cohen’s effect size Rudas et al. IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society, 2014 (FDR, p<0.05, * p<0.001 uncorrected) extend 50 Z = [32,40,48,56,64,72]

  21. Graphproperties Martinezet al. 10CCC (Bestpaperaward), 2015

  22. Topological Data Analysis Topological Data Analysis Generates High-Resolution, Genome-wide Maps of Human Recombination. Camara et al. Cell Systems

  23. Topological Data Analysis Martinezet al. HBM (Best poster award), 2017

  24. Topological Time Series Sliding Windows and Persistence: An application of topology to signal analysis, J. Perea and J. Harer, 2015

  25. Periodicity and Frequency Periodicity Frequency

  26. Automatic diagnosis of DOC Demertzi et al, Brain (2015)

  27. fMRIto PET Soddu & Gómez et al, Brain Function and Structure, 2016

  28. RSNs - Structure and function Ribeiro de Paula et al. Brain and structure 2017

  29. RestLib: A toolbox for single subject resting state analysis Guaje et al. SIB, 2014

  30. Predictingneurologicaloutcome 6 monts

  31. Can a computer be conscious?

  32. Questions? Mora, Icononzo Tol , 2016

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