UNIT 3 SCANNING & UNDERSTANDING NOUN CLAUSES

1. UNIT 3SCANNING & UNDERSTANDING NOUN CLAUSES Objectives: • to find specific information • to locate source of information • to get the meaning of implied details • to understand Noun Clauses

2. What is scanning? Reading rapidly for specific information How to scan? • Make sure you are clear about what specific information you like to find • Get the KEYWORD in the question you have to answer • Run your eyes rapidly up and down the passage looking for the keyword or word related to the specific information you want to find (You do not need to read every sentence in the passage)‏

3. If the question looks for a NAME, then you only read to find words beginning with CAPITAL letters. Finally you check if it really answers the question. • If the question asks for DATES, you read to look for FIGURES/NUMBERS and check if they answer the question.

4. 1. Scan the following advertisement by answering these questions! • What kind of advertisement is it? • Who can apply for the job? • Where are the job locations-to be? • If you want to apply, who can you contact? • What is the address? Engineering Graduates Must possess degree in electrical, chemical or industrial engineering. Company is expanding. Job opportunities on U.S. West or East Coasts and in Middle East. Letters of inquiry are welcome. Write to: Frank Memry, MHC Engineering, Inc., 475 Evanston Drive, Santa Clara, CA 94301. Equal Opportunity Employer

5. Locating the source of informationAnswer this question:Where in the passage does the author mention the first appearance of the clay figure known as Gumby? Art Coley has been delighting children with his information techniques since 1953. He uses a technique called stop-motion in which he films clay figures, stops the filming, and then repositions the figures to continue to film. When the film is completed, his clay figures move around to act out his stories. Perhaps, the best known of Coley’s three-dimensional animated characters is “Gumby”, a little green slab of clay who has been around since 1956 5 10

6. 3. Getting an implied meaning Unlike other toads, the male golden toad is nearly voiceless. It attracts its mate by its unmistakable orange color. When the clouds are thick in rain forest, usually in April and May, the male toads appear like flashing neon signals, which is as effective as croaking in luring females during mating season. It can be inferred (or it is implied) from the passage that most toads attract their mate by making voices

7. Grammar Points:A.   WH-Questions: • Who: e.g. Who made the table? • Whom: e.g. Whom did you invite to your party? • Whose: e.g. Whose book did you borrow? • What: e.g. What does he want? What made her cry? • When: e.g. When did they arrive? • Where: e.g. Where do you like to live?  • Why: e.g. Why don’t you explain it to her? • Which: e.g. Which book did you buy? • How: e.g. How often do you go swimming? How much does it cost? How long will you stay here? How does he drive? How many books do you have? How much water do you need?

8. B. Noun Clause: Definition: • A clause that functions as a noun or takes the place of a noun in a sentence Functions or Positions in a sentence: • Subject • Object • Subject complement

9. Study the following examples of Noun clauses • Why he left earlier was still a question. • That he is in Bogor is not true. • How they will spend the money will be discussed soon. • I don’t understand why he decided not to buy the house. • We are wondering what will happen to them afterwards. • Does anybody realize that there might be another earthquake in the coastal area? • The question is when we are going to get the fund. • The problem is that there isn’t enough fund for the project.

10. 5 10 15 Genetic engineering is an enormously powerful new technique for changing life. To understand this process and what it can do, it is first necessary to understand something about life’s basic chemistry. Living organisms consist of cells, which are the smallest units of life. The center of a cell, the area known as the nucleus, contains DNA and the other chemicals necessary for life. When Watson and Crick discovered the structure of DNA in 1953, they knew that they were studying the molecule that contained the blueprints for life. The DNA molecule contains all the information necessary for the construction, growth, and reproduction of living organisms. Watson and Crick found that DNA molecules consist of two chains of chemicals called nucleotides. Nucleotides are made of the sugar deoxyribose and four other chemicals called adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thiamine. These four chemicals are known as the bases. The two chains twine around each other in the shape of a twisted ladder. At certain points along the chain, hydrogen bonds fasten the two chains together. This twisted shape is known as a double helix. To visualize the shape of the DNA molecule, think of a spiral staircase. Exercise 1

11. THANK YOU…