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Ch. 3 Ancient Indian Civilizations

Ch. 3 Ancient Indian Civilizations. Ch. 3 Sections 1 Geography. Geography of India. Separated from Asia by mountains Ex. Himalayas and Hindu Kush Difficult for immigrants and invaders to enter India Ganges River- flows to more fertile valley Indus River flows into drier plains

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Ch. 3 Ancient Indian Civilizations

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  1. Ch. 3 Ancient Indian Civilizations Ch. 3 Sections 1 Geography

  2. Geography of India • Separated from Asia by mountains • Ex. Himalayas and Hindu Kush • Difficult for immigrants and invaders to enter India • Ganges River- flows to more fertile valley • Indus River flows into drier plains • Indo-Gangetic Plain- area rivers flow into

  3. Geography • Deccan- a high plateau region south of the rivers • Western Ghats- mountain range along the western costal plains • Eastern Ghats- mountains mark the eastern Deccan • Bodies of Water • Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal

  4. Climate • Monsoons- winds that mark seasons in India • Dry Season- NE monsoons • Nov. to Mar. winds blow from N and NE • Wet Season- SW monsoons • Mid-June to October • SW winds carry warm, moist air from Indian Ocean • Temperatures range from mild on the coast to 120 ̊F in the Plains

  5. Ch. 3 Section 2 Early Indo-Aryan Societies

  6. Early Indo-Aryans • Vedic Age: named for the Vedas- early religious literature • Indo-Aryans- nomadic people from north of the Black and Caspian Seas • Herded animals and became farmers when they settled • Formed independent states or territories • Raja- chief; military leader, lawmaker, and judge

  7. Indo-Aryan Society Physical and social differences between Indo-Aryan migrants and earlier inhabitants Indo-Aryan Migrants Indus Valley People Dark skinned Settle communities Taken over by Indo-Aryans • Light skinned • Nomadic people Social Structure Warriors/ Priests ↓ Merchant/Traders ↓ Farmers and Servants

  8. Marriage • Important institution; limited between social orders • Rules for Marriage Ceremonies: • Parents arranged marriages • Marriages by purchase or capture • Marriages for love is possible

  9. Economy • Farming- wheat and barley • Used irrigation to grow rice • Poor transportation made trade difficult • Bartering was used, not coins • Sanskrit- Indo-Aryan language that spread throughout India

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