Karnauhova Oxana, Russia

1. Multiculturalism as the Paradigm of the Postcolonial Development: the Russian glance at the British Multicultural Model Karnauhova Oxana, Russia

2. Types of multicultural societies (Goran Therborn, 1995) • Those countries, which fell into existence before the modernity epoch (Russia, Habsburg monarchy); • New World countries (Canada, USA); • Colonial and Postcolonial societies (multicultural against their will); • Postnational multicultural global community, which includes Western Europe.

3. Difficulties with European (British) Multiculturalism • what the relevance of the term “multiculturalism” to the European social and cultural environment? • what are the reasons of stereotypization of imperial history through decades? • why colonials and then post-colonials were excluded from the British multicultural history?

4. British Empire in 1897

5. Britain and its Colonies

6. British “Multicultural” Model • Etnicity has long counted for little in British tradition of politics • The ethno-cultural difference was perceived as potential threat to the integrity of the nation-state • The peripheralisation of race relations that is the colonial idea of indirect rule • Conception of “multiculturalism in one nation” • The mismanagement of religious diversity

7. Chronicle of the Changes • 1500 - 1750 an emerging British vision of a new world order, that was a relationship between that mapping of England and the mapping of the world. • 1750 - colonizing in North America. British had a strong sense of identity. • the end of 19th century - the appearance of a unified British culture and a strong sense of British identity fuelled by the successful pursuit of a colonial empire overseas. • 1947 - independence of India, that Britain had ruled was divided into two – India and Pakistan – and the following year Burma went its own way outside the Commonwealth. • 1957- African colonies of Britain took their independence. • 1958 - the Notting Hill riots. • 1968 - the British Home secretary Roy Jenkins advocated a model of intergration in his speech. • In 1976 the Race Relations Act was admitted and the Commission for Racial Equality was established.

8. References • Brian Barry, 2001. – Brian Barry. Culture and Equality: An Egalitarian Critique of Multiculturalism. Polity Press, Cambridge, 2001 • Goran Therborn, 1995. - Goran Therborn. European Modernity and Beyond. Routledge, London, 1995. • John W. Berry, 1991. – John W. Berry. Sociopsychological Costs and Benefits of Multiculturalism. Economic Council of Canada, 1991 • Will Kymlicka, 2000. - Will Kymlicka. Citizenship in the Culturally Diverse Societies: Issues, Contexts, Concepts/ Citizenship in Diverse Societies/ ed. by Will Kymlicka and Wayne Norman. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. • Joppke C., 2004 – Christian Joppke. Ethnic Diversity and the State // The British Journal of Sociology. 2004, Volume 55, Issue 3 • Barry, B., 2001 – Brian Barry. Culture and Equality. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2001 • Bennet D., 1998 – David Bennet. Multicultural States. Rethinking Difference and Identity. London: Routledge, 1998 • Commission, 2000. – Report of the Commission on the Future of Multi-Ethnic Britain. Profile Books, London, 2000. • Postcolonial Wales, 2005. – Postcolonial Wales/ed. by Jane Aaron and Chris Williams. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2005 • Steven Vertovec, 1998 – Steven Vertovec. Multi-multiculturalisms// Multicultural policies and the state: a comparison of two European societies/ed. by Marco Martiniello. Utrecht University, the Netherlands, 1998, pp. 25-38 • Stephen Castles, 1993. – Stephen Castles. The Age of Migration: International Movements in the Modern World/Stephen Castles and Mark J. Miller. London: MacMillan, 1993