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RUSSIA: WORLD’S FIRST COMMUNIST STATE. Russian Revolution. read pages 280-284 and complete an outline. CAUSES Romanov Dynasty Absolutism Hardships of WW I Hunger/unrest Need for land reform Marxist ideas Anger at Czar and Czarina & Rasputin’s influence.
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Russian Revolution • read pages 280-284 and complete an outline
CAUSESRomanov Dynasty Absolutism Hardships of WW I Hunger/unrest Need for land reform Marxist ideas Anger at Czar and Czarina & Rasputin’s influence EFFECTSProvisional govt. set up and overthrown by Lenin Execution of Czar and family Russia withdraws from WW I and signs Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 1st Communist nation USSR Command economy – government owns means of production and distribution Russian Revolution 1917Peace, Land and BreadLenin, Trotsky and Bolsheviks
LENIN • 1917 – 1924 • Promises “peace, bread, land” • Pulls devastated Russia out of WWI with Treaty of Brest-Litovsk • Nationalizes (puts under ownership and control of state) land and industry • Soviets – councils are set up to govern nation
CIVIL WAR 1918-1921 • “Reds” – communists • “Whites” – counterrevolutionaries loyal to czar • U.S. Britain, France support Whites • Reds win, take control
NEW ECONOMIC POLICY (NEP) • After chaos of WWI, Civil War and war communism, Lenin uses NEP to rebuild nation • Private control of land, business, production allowed (capitalism) • More freedom in arts and lit.
U.S.S.R. • Union of Soviet Socialist Republics formed in 1922
CHIEF GOAL • To make U.S.S.R. into a modern, industrial power, with all production under government control
PLAN • Create a command (planned) economy using 5 year plans, emphasis on heavy industry, war materials
RESULT • Consumer goods neglected, needs of state come first • By 1953, nation is modern industrialized
PLAN FOR AGRICULTURE • Also under government control • Peasants forced to give up farms to join collective farms
RESULTS • Millions who oppose policy were killed or sent to prison camps in Siberia • Opposition strong in Ukraine where wealthiest peasants (kulaks) lived • Stalin seized all food supplies of people who opposed plan and millions starve to death, Ukrainian Terror Famine • Standard of living drops for most
LIFE IN A TOTALITARIAN STATE • Stalin ruled as a dictator with unlimited power • Secret police and “purges” used to clean out “disloyal” communist party members • Censorship, propaganda, KGB • Religion and arts controlled, socialist realism • Execution, imprisonment (gulag archipelago), exile for millions
STALIN’S LEGACY • One party, totalitarian dictatorship regulates every aspect of citizen’s lives • Communist ideology replaces religion • Communist party members the new elite • State provided free medical care, daycare, inexpensive housing, but still shortages • Women equal under law
BY 1953 • Soviet Union is a superpower and leader in industry • But, people pay a heavy price under ruthless, brutal leadership • Responsible for as many as 20 million deaths