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DNA and RNA

DNA and RNA. Biology 102 SB2 a. Distinguish between DNA and RNA. Who first determined the structure of DNA?. Watson & Crick used other scientists data to determine the structure of DNA in the 1950’s. What does DNA stand for?. DNA: DeoxyriboNucleic Acid. What is the function of DNA?.

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DNA and RNA

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  1. DNA and RNA Biology 102 SB2a. Distinguish between DNA and RNA.

  2. Who first determined the structure of DNA? • Watson & Crick used other scientists data to determine the structure of DNA in the 1950’s

  3. What does DNA stand for? DNA: DeoxyriboNucleic Acid

  4. What is the function of DNA? • Contains genetic instructions for how your body works • Controls protein synthesis

  5. What monomer makes up DNA? • Nucleotides

  6. a. Phosphate b. Deoxyribose (sugar) c. Nitrogen base What are the 3 parts of a NUCLEOTIDE?

  7. What is meant by “twisted ladder”? Called double helix b/c it looks like a twisted ladder. “Sides” of ladder are made up of alternating phosphates and deoxyribose (sugar) molecules “Rungs” of ladder are made up of pairs of nitrogen bases.

  8. Nitrogen bases always pair up in the following way: Adenine pairs with Thymine Guanine pairs with Cytosine EXAMPLE: AGC TAC GCA Fill in the other side of the DNA strand on your paper before the answer is revealed One side of DNA Other side of DNA TCG ATG CGT

  9. What does the order of nitrogen bases tell us? Traits an organism has Physical characteristics- what it looks like How the organism functions

  10. What is RNA? RNA stands for: RiboNucleic Acid Function: a. carries out protein synthesis How is RNA different from DNA? a. Has ribose instead of deoxyribose b. single stranded c. Uses uracil to bind with adenine instead of thymine.

  11. What are 3 types of RNA? a. Messenger RNA (mRNA): carries nucleotide sequence from nucleus to ribosome b. Transfer RNA (tRNA): picks up amino acid in cytoplasm and carries them to ribosome c. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): found in ribosome, joins mRNA and tRNA; forms protein

  12. WHAT NEXT? • Complete the Building DNA Gizmo with the partners you have been assigned. (See next slide) • If you have forgotten your ExploreLearning passwords, see Dr. Blackmon or the substitute- they have the list. • If you work with anyone other than your partner, you will be assigned LUNCH DETENTION! • After you finish the Gizmo… • If you HAVEN’T FINISHED the DNA model we were working on after the test last class you need to finish it. (color it, cut it out, tape together, answer questions, staple the model to your paper and turn in) • If you HAVE FINISHED the DNA model we were working on after the test last class you need to read the article on Genetically Modified Foods and answer the questions on the back. • Both the Gizmo and the DNA model are DUE BEFORE YOU LEAVE! FINISHED OR NOT!

  13. BUILDING DNA GIZMO GROUPS You must work with your assigned partner AND stay at your work station OR you will receive lunch detention!

  14. Quiz: DNA vs. RNA Name _____ • DNA is made up of what subunits? • Amino acids • Nucleotides • glucose • The subunits you identified in question #1 are made up of what parts? • Nitrogen bases, Deoxyribose, glucose • Deoxyribose, nitrogen bases, phosphates • Phosphates, Ribose, Uracil • Complete the other half of this DNA using the appropriate nitrogen bases. ATC GCA CCG TTA ____ ____ ____ ____ • What is the function of DNA? • It produces ATP from the food we eat. • It directs the production of proteins • It controls what goes in and out of the cell. 5. Which do DNA and RNA have in common? • Both are single stranded • Both contain ribose sugar • Both contain phosphate groups 6. Scientists can use genetic information to identify people because it is unique to each person. Which specific characteristic is unique to an individual? • The shape of the DNA molecules in cells • The sequence of DNA nucleotides in cells • The size of each chromosome in a cell

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