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Learning Target 1.1

Learning Target 1.1. How does life come from pre-existing life?. Genetic Information. Where is our genetic information stored? DNA What are the segments of DNA called that code for a trait? Genes What do genes actually produce? Proteins Why do we need proteins?

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Learning Target 1.1

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  1. Learning Target 1.1 How does life come from pre-existing life?

  2. Genetic Information • Where is our genetic information stored? • DNA • What are the segments of DNA called that code for a trait? • Genes • What do genes actually produce? • Proteins • Why do we need proteins? • They build structures in our bodies and regulate the functions of our bodies.

  3. Organization of DNA • Each human has how many chromosomes? • 46 • How many different chromosomes does a human have? • 23 • What do we call chromosomes with the same genes—but may code for different variations of that gene? • Homologous Chromosomes • How many autosomal chromosomes do we have? • 44 • How many sex chromosomes do we have? • 2

  4. Male vs. Female Genetics • What are the sex chromosomes of a male? • XY • What are the sex chromosomes of a female? • XX • How many sperm are produced from a starting cell in meiosis? • 4 • How many eggs are produced from a starting cell in meiosis? • 4 • What is the purpose of the Y chromosome? • To stop the development of the female body plan and modify towards a male body plan using testosterone.

  5. Meiosis • What is the purpose of meiosis? • To produce gametes (egg and sperm) • Increase Genetic Variation • What is a diploid cell? • Cell that has 2 sets of chromosomes, 1 from each parent. • All body cells are diploid • What is a haploid cell? • Cell that has 1 set of chromosomes, which is a mixtures of maternal and paternal chromosomes (grandma and grandpa’s). • Sperm and egg are haploid.

  6. How do you get so much variation in offspring?

  7. Steps of Meiosis (Think Yarn!) (Replicated chromosomes) (Interphase) • Organize • (Prophase) • Line Up • (Metaphase) • Separate • (Anaphase) • 2 Identical Piles • (Telophase/Cytokinesis)

  8. Meiosis increases variation. • Interphase • Mutation • Prophase • Crossing Over (x-over) • Metaphase • Independent Assortment

  9. Prophase-Crossing Over

  10. Metaphase—Independent Assortment

  11. Example Meiosis • Interphase • Condense Chromosomes, Replicate Chromosomes • Prophase • Organize by Homologous Chromosomes, X-Over • Metaphase • Line up by Tetrad (Homologous + Sisters), Independent Assortment • Anaphase/Telophase/Cytokinesis • Separate Homologous • Contain DNA in new nucleus • Split Cell • Repeat above steps 1x time, however sister chromatids separate this time.

  12. Meiosis Animation

  13. When chromosomes don’t split apart…

  14. In a Karyotype… • How can you determine if the person is male or female? • Look at the sex chromosomes. • How many chromosomes in a healthy karyotype? • 46 • How many chromosomes in a viable abnormal karyotype? • 45 or 47 • How many chromosomes does a person have if they have a monosomy? • 45 • How many chromosomes does a persona have if they have a trisomy? • 47

  15. Practice… • Organize Meiosis cards in the correct order and draw the process! • Include x-over • Independent Assortment • Red and Blue Colors

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