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Urine Examination

Urine Examination. Urine examination. Usually done on the mid stream urine Fresh voided urine The container is clean and sterile (for culture ) The sample must be tested within 1hr . Physical examination. 1-apperance :

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Urine Examination

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  1. Urine Examination

  2. Urine examination • Usually done on the mid stream urine • Fresh voided urine • The container is clean and sterile (for culture ) • The sample must be tested within 1hr

  3. Physical examination 1-apperance: When urine is clear that mean urine is free from WBC, RBC, Bacteria , epithelial cell . If urine is turbid we can found WBC,RBC ,Bacteria. 2-color: Normal color for urine is straw ,pale yellow ,light yellow Abnormal in color colorless , dark yellow ,red ……

  4. 3-spacific gravity : Measure urine density or amount of solute in urine Normal SG for urine 1.025 Excessive water intake SG low 4-PH: Normal urine PH is (4.6-8.0) as averagen6.0

  5. Chemical examination 1-protein : Test protein in urine by: Urine strip Sulfosalicylic acid Heating and cooling for bence jonce protein in multiple myeloma patients 2- Glucose : Under normal condition all most all of glucose filtrated If blood glucose is increase up to 180 mg/dl glucose appear in urine ( threshold value )

  6. 3- blood 4- keton body 5-nitrite : Apositive nitrite test indicates that bacteria may be present in urine 6- bilirubin:

  7. Microscopic examination 1-RBC 2-WBC 3-Bacteria 4-Epithelial cell 5-Cast

  8. The cast may be (RBC cast, wbc cast , Hyaline cast, Granular cast , waxy cast ) 7- crystal IN acidic urine ( ca oxalate , amorphous urate, uric acid ) IN alkaline urine (ca phosphate , triple phosphate, amorphous phosphate )

  9. Parasite in urine 1-ova of schistosoma hematobium

  10. 2- Trichomonas vaginalis

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