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Simple PHP application

Simple PHP application. A simple application. We are going to develop a simple PHP application with a Web interface. The user enters two numbers and the application returns the two multiplied to together Start. UML Interaction Diagram.

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Simple PHP application

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  1. Simple PHP application

  2. A simple application • We are going to develop a simple PHP application with a Web interface. • The user enters two numbers and the application returns the two multiplied to together • Start

  3. UML Interaction Diagram • Interaction diagrams describe the communication between objects, but we will use them to describe interation between programs even if they are not objects

  4. Simple interaction diagram • Simple example and explanation • Ref to UML

  5. User-script interaction User Browser Web server multiply.php PHP processor Click link page get form.htm Locate file Enter data Display form.htm Calculate button get multiply.php?x=5&y=6 Locate file and run as PHP x=5 y=6 5 * 6 = 30 HTML MIME run script “5 * 6 = 30” Read output Display generated HTML

  6. User-browser interaction User Browser Click link page Enter data Display form.htm Calculate button Read output Display generated HTML

  7. User – Browser interaction • User locates desired link <a href=form.htm> Multiply numbers</a> • Browser retrieves the form from the server • Form is displayed • User fills in the fields on the form • User clicks submit button • Magic stuff happens • User reads the result and goes back to the form to change the values in the form

  8. form.htm <!-- this is not XHTML standard because it lacks headers but it does have all attribute values in quotes and all tags are terminated --> <form method="get" action="multiply.php"> x = <input type=text name="x" size="5"/> y = <input type=text name="y" size="5"/> <input type="submit" value="Calculate"/> </form>

  9. Browser-Server interaction Browser Web server Click button get multiply.php?x=5&y=6 Locate file and run as PHP 5 * 6 = 30

  10. Browser-Server interaction • Parameters passed as data couplets (name/value pairs) either • Attached to URL (and visible to user in the address line) • Values must be URL-Encoded • space to + • punctuation to %hex e.g. ? to %3f • METHOD=GET in an HTML Form • appended to the ACTION URL • Explicitly added to the base URL e.g. • <a href=“multiply.php?x=5&y=6”>5 * 6</a> • A separate document (invisible to user) • METHOD=POST in an HTML Form • Result passed back in a MIME wrapper • MIME tells browser what kind of file it is (HTML,JPEG, XML, Flash.. ) • Content-type: image/jpeg

  11. Server-script interaction Web server multiply.php get multiply.php?x=5&y=6 Locate file and run as PHP x=5 y=6 run script “5 * 6 = 30”

  12. User-script interaction User Browser Web server multiply.php PHP processor Click link page get form.htm Locate file Enter data Display form.htm Calculate button get multiply.php?x=5&y=6 Locate file and run as PHP x=5 y=6 5 * 6 = 30 HTML MIME run script “5 * 6 = 30” Read output Display generated HTML

  13. form.htm <!-- this is not XHTML standard because it lacks headers but it does have all attribute values in quotes and all tags are terminated --> <form method="get" action="multiply.php"> x = <input type=text name="x" size="5"/> y = <input type=text name="y" size="5"/> <input type="submit" value="Calculate"/> </form>

  14. Browser-Server interaction Browser Web server Click button get multiply.php?x=5&y=6 Locate file and run as PHP 5 * 6 = 30 HTML MIME

  15. URL • Relative URL • multiply.php?x=5&y=6 • Absolute URL • http://localhost:8080/calc/multiply.php?x=5&y=6 (my local server) • http://stocks.uwe.ac.uk/~cjwallac/apps/calc/multiply.php?x=5&y=6 (the development server) • http://www.uwe.ac.uk/~cjwallac/apps/calc/multiply.php?x=5&y=6 (the public production server)

  16. Server-script interaction Web server multiply.php PHP processor get multiply.php?x=5&y=6 Locate file and run as PHP x=5 y=6 run script “5 * 6 = 30”

  17. Server-PHP interaction • Parameters • GET and POST Parameters available as • variables of the same name $x, $y (deprecated but used in my code ) • in an array $_GET[‘x’] • depends on the setup • Parameter values are URL-Decoded • Implicit Parameters • In addition to the user-defined parameters, other data is available about the client and about the server • $PHP_SELF is the program name • $HTTP_USER_AGENT is the browser • Reply • HTML goes through to output • <?php … ?> script is executed as PHP • Print or echo statements add to output • All output returned to Server • Other kinds of output (JPEG, GIF.. ) require different headers to be output

  18. Multiply.php script <?php /* function: to multiply the two input numbers and display the result input: x, y : numbers author: Chris Wallace 9 Oct 204 */ // calculate the result // no typing or declaring new variable // also implicit conversion of string to number $prod = $x * $y; // values of variables interpolated into the string print "$x * $y = $prod"; ?>

  19. The generated HTML • 5 * 6 = 30 • This simple text is not XHTML compliant of course. • HTML to provide a readable page can be added around the PHP • <a href=multiply2.php?x=5&y=6>5 * 6</a> • Note that we have added the name/value pairs to the URL – not very useful here obviously. • some pairs can be in the action URL of a form, some in input fields • The script multiply2.php includes the original PHP script within an HTML page

  20. Multiply2.phpProgram composition with ‘require’ <html> <title>PHP introduction - multiply script</title> </head> <body> <img src="cems-banner.gif"> <h1>PHP introduction</h1> <table><tr><td><img src="multiply.jpg"></td><td width="5%"</td><td><font color="red" size="+4"> <?php include "multiply.php“; ?> </font></td><tr></table> </body> </html>

  21. ‘Sticky Forms’ • Poor interface -user must to go back to original form to change the data and re-calculate. • Key idea: • Combine form and calculator into one script • Do calculation (if required) first • Put inputs as defaults in form • Simple combination of form and script • <a href=multiply3.php> Calculate Product </a>

  22. multiply3.phpCombined form and calculator <?php // first compute the output, but only if data has been input if( isset($calc)) { // data was submitted $prod = $x * $y; } else { // set defaults $x=0;$y=0;$prod=0; } ?> <form method="get" action="<?php print $PHP_SELF; ?>"> x = <input type=text name="x" size="5" value="<?php print $x?>"/> y= <input type=text name="y" size="5" value="<?php print $y?>"/> x * y = <?php print $prod ?> <br/><input type="submit" name="calc" value="Calculate"/> </form>

  23. Initial Form <form method="get" action=“scripts/multiply3.php"> x = <input type=text name="x" size="5" value="0"/> y= <input type=text name="y" size="5" value="0"/> x * y = 0<br/><input type="submit" name="calc" value="Calculate"/> </form>

  24. Form with Entered Values <form method="get" action=“scripts/multiply3.php"> x = <input type=text name="x" size="5" value="654321"/> y= <input type=text name="y" size="5" value="9"/> x * y = 5888889<br/><input type="submit" name="calc" value="Calculate"/> </form>

  25. Forms processing • Interface and presentation can be easily improved • <a href=multiply4.php> Calculate Product </a> • Script can do validation and add error messages to the form where fields are missing or invalid. • Where to do the processing?: • on Client in Javascript • on Server in PHP or Java • What factors do you need to consider to decide?

  26. SMS version • Now nearly the same application with an SMS presentation layer. • For variety, I’ve generalised to allow any number of numbers to be multiplied together • Text • MUL num1 num2 num3 … • To: 076 24 80 37 59 • Eg. • MUL 34 56 78 • Reply • 34 x 56 x 78 = 148512

  27. SMS to script interface • Script ‘plugs’ into SMS server • Must obey the protocol: • Parameters • Text • From • Code • Reply text: • Reply: <message to send back> • Entry required in routing file: • MUL http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~cjwallac/ISD3/smsmult.php

  28. smsmult.php <?php $text=trim($text); // to remove trailing whitespace $nums = split(" +",$text); // split the string apart on spaces // + means 1 or more occurances $prod=1; foreach ($nums as $number){ $prod=$prod*$number; // accumulate the product } $numlist = join(" x ",$nums); // join the numbers with ' x ' print "Reply: $numlist = $prod"; ?>

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