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The Renaissance

The Renaissance. The Italian Renaissance. 1. The Italian Renaissance. Causes Increased trade with Asia and other regions as a result of the Crusades Growth of large, wealthy city-states in Italy Renewed interest in the Classical learning of the Ancient Greece and Rome

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The Renaissance

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  1. The Renaissance

  2. The Italian Renaissance

  3. 1. The Italian Renaissance • Causes • Increased trade with Asia and other regions as a result of the Crusades • Growth of large, wealthy city-states in Italy • Renewed interest in the Classical learning of the Ancient Greece and Rome • Rise of rich and powerful merchants, who became patrons of the arts • Increased desire for scientific and technical knowledge • Desire to beautify cities

  4. b. Humanism • Scholars began to think about the characteristics of a good education • Rhetoric, grammar, poetry, history, Latin and Greek • Became known as the humanities and gave use to the movement known as humanism • Humanist emphasized individual accomplishment • 3 writers who contributed to the movement • Dante Alighieri • GiovianniBoccacio • Franceso Petrarch

  5. c. Secular Writers • Focus was secular- they had a worldly rather than a spiritual focus

  6. ii. Baldassare Castiglione • Wrote “The Courtier” • Describes how gentlemen and women should act during the Renaissance • Book suggests 4 ideas • Speak of serious subjects as well as amusing ones • Know Latin and Greek • Well acquainted with poetry and history • Be able to write prose as well as poetry

  7. iii. Niccolo Machiavelli • Was a political philosopher and statesman • Experiences shaped his view on how governments should rule • Wrote “The Prince” • Encourages harsh treatment of citizens and rival states • Advises rulers to separate moral from politics • Insists a ruler must do whatever is necessary to maintain power

  8. d. Science • Nicholas Copernicus • Challenges the church’s idea about nature • Polish astronomer • Suggested that the sun sat at the center of the universe, orbited by planets and stars

  9. ii. Galileo Galilei • Italian astronomer • Wrote that the earth orbited the sun • Placed under house arrest by church officials

  10. e. Patrons • The Medici • A wealthy, powerful family that ruled Florence and supported the arts • Lorenzo de Medici • Supported some of the most talented artist of the day

  11. 2. Italian Renaissance Artists • Leonardo da Vinci • Was a painter, writer, inventor, architect engineer, mathematician, musician, and philosopher • Two famous paintings • The Mona Lisa • The Last Supper

  12. iii. Recorded ideas for building armored tank of a flying machine iv. Sketches of the human anatomy v. Designed and built canals vi. Developed a machine to cut threads in screws v. Designed the first machine guns

  13. b. Michelangelo Buonarroti • Two famous sculptures • Pieta • Communicated themes of grief, love, acceptance and immorality • David • Sistine Chapel • Scenes from the Old Testament painted on the ceiling

  14. c. Raphael • Renowned painter and architect • “The School of Athens” • Is a fresco (a painting made on fresh moist, plaster) • Shows Plato and Aristotle surrounded by philosophers from the past and present who were admired by the humanists

  15. Danoto Bramante • Architect who designed St. Peter’s Basilica

  16. The Northern Renaissance

  17. 1. Northern Renaissance • Hanseatic League • A merchant organization that controlled trade throughout Northern Europe • Helped ideas of the Italian Renaissance spread to the North • Artists who fled from Italy also helped spread ideas

  18. b. Johannes Gutenburg • Cast letters of the alphabet onto metal plates and locked plates into a wooden press • With this text could be printed on both sides of the paper • 1st publication was the Bible • Explosion of printed material quickly spread Renaissance ideas

  19. 2. Philosophers and Writings • Erasmus • Wrote about the need for a pure and simple Christian life, stripped of the rituals and politics of the church on earth • Advised the education of children • Works would fan the flames of the growing discontent with the Roman Catholic Church • Works were later censored and condemned by the Church

  20. b. Sir Thomas More • Wrote “Utopia” • Contains both criticism of English government and society and a vision of a perfect society based on reason

  21. c. William Shakespeare • English playwright • Inspired by ancient and contemporary works of literature • Plays helped spread ideas of the Renaissance to a mass audience

  22. d. Christine de Pisan • Italian writer • Wrote “The City of Women” • She discusses different views of women and their role in society • Championed equality and education for women

  23. 3. Artists • Albrecht Durer • Used the Italian techniques of realism and perspective in his own work • Works exhibited features unique to the northern Renaissance • Painted in oils

  24. b. Jan van Eyck • Focused on landscapes and domestic life • Fused the everyday with the religious through the use of symbolism in paintings • A single candle or the light streaming through a window are representations of God’s presence

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