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Developing National Action Plans and National Communications Procedures -P rinciples -Criteria

EPEM S.A. Developing National Action Plans and National Communications Procedures -P rinciples -Criteria. Anastasia Sitara . Structure of the presentation. Obligations of the Non – Annex I parties Steps towards the elaboration of the National Action Plan and the National Communication

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Developing National Action Plans and National Communications Procedures -P rinciples -Criteria

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  1. EPEM S.A. Developing National Action Plans and National CommunicationsProcedures -Principles -Criteria AnastasiaSitara

  2. Structure of the presentation • Obligations of the Non – Annex I parties • Steps towards the elaboration of the National Action Plan and the National Communication • Principles and criteria for the selection of GHG emissions reduction measures • The Greek experience

  3. Reporting obligations of all Parties • Article 4.1 of the UNFCCC: • “all parties are required to develop, periodically update and make available to the Conference of the Parties, in accordance with Article 12, national inventories of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all GHG not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, using comparable methodologies to be agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties”

  4. Reporting obligations of Non Annex I countries Article 12.1 of the UNFCCC: “Each Non Annex I country should communicate to the COP: • A national inventory of anthropogenic emissions and removals by the sinks • A general description of the steps taken or envisaged to implement the Convention • Any other information that the Party considers relevant…”

  5. Timing of reporting • Initial NC: 3 years from the time of entry into force of the Convention (or subject to the availability of financial resources) • Entry into force of the Convention: 90th day after the date of deposit of the instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession

  6. Steps for developing the NC • Establishing a National Climate Committee • Establishing a Project Steering Committee • Creating a Climate Change Team • Developing work plan

  7. National Climate Committee - Members • President’s/ Prime Minister’s Office • Ministry of Environment • Ministry of Forestry • Ministry of Energy • Ministry of Agriculture • Ministry of Industry • Ministry of Science & Technology • Meteorology Department • Ministry of Foreign Affairs • Ministry of Finance and Planning • NGO for environment • Private sector associations

  8. National Climate Committee - Responsibilities • Overseeing of the National Policy and the implementation of the FCCC • Overseeing of all the climate change related projects, programs and research activities • Ensuring the consistence of the climate change policies and the national development priorities • Ensuring the information of all the stakeholders • Developing the negotiating positions and strategies for the Country • Reviewing and finalizing the various components of the NC

  9. Project Work plan • Development of Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory • Greenhouse Gas Abatement Analysis • Vulnerability and adaptation assessment • Initial National Communication

  10. Development of GHG emission inventory • Training • Identification of data gaps • Review and adaptation of existing methodologies • Establishment of data collection and management system • Preparation and circulation of draft inventory • National consultation workshop • Finalisation of inventory

  11. Greenhouse Gas Abatement Analysis • Training • Development of baseline scenario • Evaluation of GHG abatement options • Finalisation of GHG abatement analysis • Draft National Action Plan • National consultation workshop • Finalisation of National Action Plan for abatement • Formulation of programmes and policy frameworks for implementing the response measures

  12. Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment • Review and adaptation of existing methods • Vulnerability assessment • Identification of adaptation options • Evaluation of adaptation options • National consultation workshop • Finalisation of National Action Plan for adaptation

  13. Initial National Communication • Preparation of the draft initial National Communication • Circulation of the draft NC • Finalisation of the draft NC • Submission of the draft NC to national government • Finalisation, translation and publication of the NC • Submission of the initial NC to the UNFCC Secretariat

  14. Yugoslavian inventory - Methodology • Emissions • Direct Greenhouse Gases: CO2, CH4, N2O • F-Gases: HFC, PFC, SF6 • GHG precursors: NOX, CO, NMVOC • SO2 • Activity sectors • Energy: For the Base Year 1990 • Industrial Processes: For the period 1990 – 1998 • Solvents and Other Product Use: For the period 1990 – 1998 • Agriculture: For the period 1990 - 1998 • Land Use Change and Forestry: For the period 1990 – 1998 • Waste: For the period 1990 – 1998 • IPCC Methodology has been used for • Energy, Agriculture, Land Use Change and Forestry, Waste • CORINAIR Methodology has been used for • Industrial Processes, Solvents and Other Product Use

  15. Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Base Year Total CO2 emissions: 72624 kt CO2 Total N2O emissions: 68 kt N2O Total CH4 emissions: 480 kt CH4

  16. Energy Sector CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Total emissions: 67049 kt CO2 CH4 Fugitive Emissions Total emissions: 161 kt CH4

  17. Industrial Processes CO2 Emissions from Industrial Processes Total Emissions in Base Year: 5534 kt CO2

  18. Agriculture CH4 Emissions from Agriculture Total Emissions in Base Year: 220 kt CH4 N2O Emissions from Agriculture Total Emissions in Base Year: 59 kt N2O

  19. Land Use Change and Forestry CO2 Emissions and Removals Net Removals in Base Year: 5461 kt CO2

  20. Waste CH4 Emissions from Disposal of Solid Wastes Total Emissions in Base Year: 73 kt CH4

  21. Projections for Yugoslavia

  22. Primary Energy Consumptionfor the baseline scenario (Mtoe)

  23. Primary Energy Consumptionfor the baseline scenario (Mtoe)

  24. Electricity Generation by fuel for the baseline scenario (ktoe)

  25. Final Energy Consumption for the baseline scenario (Mtoe)

  26. Final Energy Consumption for the baseline scenario (Mtoe)

  27. Projections of CO2 emissions per sector (Mt)

  28. Projections of CO2 emissions per sector (Mt)

  29. GHG emissions mitigation options • Building sector • Transport sector • Industry sector • Agricultural sector • Waste management sector • Energy supply sector

  30. Mitigation options in the building sector • Improvement of energy efficiency • Lighting • Air conditioning • Appliances • Space heating • Insulation • Passive solar design • Integrated building design • Fuel switching

  31. Mitigation options in the transport sector • Improvement of energy efficiency of vehicles • Use of alternative fuel vehicles • LPG • Natural Gas • Hydrogen • Electricity • Biofuels • Traffic and fleet management

  32. Mitigation options in the industry sector • Improvement of energy efficiency • Material efficiency improvement • Recycling • More efficient product design • Material substitution • Fuel switching

  33. Mitigation options in the agricultural sector • Conservation tillage and reduction of land use intensity • Use of slow release fertilizers, organic manure etc (for N2O reduction)

  34. Mitigation options in the waste management sector • Use of landfill gas for heat and electricity • Recycling of waste • Use of waste as biofuel

  35. Mitigation options in the Energy Supply sector • Use of low cost combined cycle turbines • Development of Combined Heat and Power Systems • Development of RES • Fuel switching

  36. Measures to reduce GHG emissions • Technical Potential—The amount by which it is possibleto reduce GHG emissions or improve energy efficiencyby using a technology or practice in all applicationsin which it could technically be adopted, withoutconsideration of its costs or practical feasibility. • Economic Potential—The portion of the technicalpotential for GHG emissions reductions or energy efficiencyimprovements that could be achieved cost-effectivelyin the absence of market barriers. • Market Potential—The portion of the economicpotentialfor GHG emissions reductions or energy efficiencyimprovements that currently can be achieved underexisting market conditions, assuming no new policiesand measures.

  37. Criteria for evaluation of measures GHG and Other Environmental Considerations • GHG reduction potential (Tons of carbon equivalent) • Other environmental considerations • Percentage change in emissions of other gases/particulates • Biodiversity, soil conservation, watershed management, indoor air quality, etc.

  38. Criteria for evaluation of measures (2) Economic and Social Considerations • Cost-effectiveness • Average and marginal costs • Project-level considerations • Capital and operating costs, opportunity costs, incremental costs • Macro-economic considerations • GDP, jobs created or lost, effects on inflation or interest rates, implications for long-term development, foreignexchange and trade, other economic benefits or drawbacks • Equity considerations • Differential impacts on countries, income groups or future generations

  39. Criteria for evaluation of measures (3) Administrative, Institutional and Political Considerations • Administrative burden • Institutional capabilities to undertake necessary information collection, monitoring, enforcement, permitting, etc. • Political considerations • Capacity to pass through political and bureaucratic processes and sustain political support • Consistency with other public policies • Replicability • Adaptability to different geographical and socio-economic-cultural settings

  40. Policy measures • Energy or carbon taxes • Tradable permit systems • Standards (e.g. energy efficiency standards)

  41. The Greek NAP – an overview • Major potential • Energy sector • Building sector • Restructuring of the chemical industry • Emission abatement potential (up to 2010) • 17314 ktn CO2 – eq

  42. Building and tertiary sector

  43. Transport sector

  44. Energy sector

  45. Industrial sector

  46. Policy measures • Law 2244/94 - promotion of RES • Energy efficiency standards and energy labeling • Operational program of Energy

  47. Operational Program for Development • Support for the investments in cogeneration, RES and energy conservation • Dissemination of information actions • Infrastructure development • Financial incentives for private energy investments • Special support status • Voluntary agreements • Third Party Financing Total budget foreseen: 1071 million Euros

  48. Operational Program for Development (2) • Support to private investments • Access to Natural Gas • Connection of the Greek pipeline with the Italian and the Turkish • Reinforcement of the flexibility and the reliability of the Natural Gas system • Upgrading of the LNG station in Revithousa • Upgrading of the network • Construction of reservoirs

  49. Operational Program for Development (3) • Development of energy infrastructure for RES and small islands • Operation of the free energy market • Penetration of NG in the households, the tertiary sector, new industrial consumers and transport

  50. Law for the development (2601/98) • Subsidies for investments and programs in the field of electricity production by RES by electricity production industries and other types of enterprises • Support to investments of RES exploitation and energy conservation

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