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11. Managing the resources

11. Managing the resources. Dan Minchin Marine Organism Investigations , Ireland. Coastal Research and Planning Institute, University of Klaipeda, Lithuania, September/November 2013. Managing the resources. There are different perceptions about management. It should be a team effort

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11. Managing the resources

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  1. 11. Managing the resources Dan Minchin Marine Organism Investigations, Ireland Coastal Research and Planning Institute, University of Klaipeda, Lithuania, September/November 2013

  2. Managing the resources • There are different perceptions about management. • It should be a team effort • It depends on reliable and timely information

  3. Why is there a need to manage? • Wide range of resources • Many fish can be captured by mistake • Can be damage to the habitats • Can be pollution issues • Populations may be de-stabalized

  4. Feeding the world’s people • Exploitation never so high • Grave concerns for future supplies of food • Mismanaged resources in the past • Can we improve our situation?

  5. Price of food Can we change this with better management • How will we mange resources overall • Different attitudes pose conflict

  6. What ‘fish’ do we eat in Europe? We have a generally high calorific intake Not all fish!

  7. Landings

  8. Aquaculture is expanding worldwide

  9. Long-term landings in the EU

  10. North Atlantic declines • Not of catches but of biomass!! • How to politically manage this? • More aquaculture production?

  11. Changing production

  12. Similar trends for many species • High trophic fish declines. • Do we feed on low trophic fishes and filterfeeding invertebrates?

  13. Biomass decreasing Long term trends significant Improved efficiency of fishing a problem

  14. Concerns over changes in fish growth Could the use of nets be selecting for the larger fish? Would it be better to longline for fish than trawl?

  15. Putting landings into perspective Moderately good fish catches Poor relative aquaculture production

  16. How are we doing on aquaculture?

  17. Aquaculture production in Europe

  18. Damage to habitats Satellite picture Gulf of Mexico • Trawls remove much unwanted materials, bycatch and other • Recovery of these areas takes some time • For fish it is a lottery of survival unless some reserve areas.

  19. Conflicts with different resources? Future exploitation: Oil Methane hydrates Exclusion zones

  20. The impact of alien species Aliens still arrive Aliens expand to deeper water

  21. Even aquaculture has its problems • Diahorritic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) renders bivalves in culture unmarketable • Can be sold following a rest-period to de-contaminate • Can cause marketing problems for suppliers

  22. Management organisations

  23. ICES – International Council for the Exploration of the Sea Co-ordinates and promotes marine research on the environment and living resources in North Atlantic since 1902 since • 1600 scientists • 200 institutes • 20 member countries • Expert groups • Data centre • ICES J. Mar. Sci. + others • Annual meetings • Advice provided www.ices.dk/

  24. NEAFC North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission • Co-operation since 1982 in Arctic and Atlantic in Fisheries management including deep water resources • Conservation of resources beyond national jurisdictions www.neafc.org/

  25. NASCO North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organisation • Management of salmon stocks north of 36ºN founded in 1982 • Made up of three regional commissions • Research and co-operation in the management of stocks www.nasco.int/

  26. IBSFC International Baltic Sea Fishery Commission • The organisation ceased to function as from 2006 • Managed living resources and fisheries through research and management

  27. NAMMCO North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission • Management and study of mammals in the North Atlantic • Cetaceans and pinnidpeds • Operating since 1992 • Includes committee on hunting methods Includes the management of walrus in the North Atlantic www.nammco.no/

  28. ICCAT International Commission on the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas • Intergovermental fishery organisation for conserving tuna and tuna-like species operating since 1969 • In all about 30 species involved in research and management www.iccat.es/

  29. NAFO Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation • Founded in 1979 to undertake rational management of marine resources • Research and management • Has own Journal www.nafo.int/

  30. GFCM General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean • Revised organisation now active since 2004 • Determines rational management approaches based on scientific advice for fisheries and aquaculture www.gfcm.org/

  31. CIESM The Mediterranean Science Commission • Founded in 1908 and involves 22 countries • Geo-physical, chemical and biological studies • Six scientific committees and 2000+ researchers www.ciesm.org/

  32. EIFAAC European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission • Established in 1957 by FAO and covers all inland waters, lakes and rivers in Europe • Involves all commercially fished species and aquaculture • Forum for collaboration for research and management

  33. HELCOM Helsinki Commission • Aims to protect the marine environment of the Baltic Sea area since 1974 • Develops environmental standards and has ecological objectives www.helcom.fi/home/en_GB/welcome/

  34. OSPAR Oslo-Paris Commission • Protection of the marine environment outside of the Baltic Region involving 15 states operating since 1974 • Managing pollutants and maritime activities, climate and geological resources www.ospar.org/

  35. Management, often late • The Georges Bank cod fishery, was once one of the most productive fisheries in the world • A closure of the fishery • Much local distress • Recent indications of an upturn

  36. Management concept: no fishing Conservation zones Exclusion of fishing leads to habitat recovery and natural population development Fisheries nearby can benefit

  37. Some fishing Have a closed season for the fishery in Canada

  38. Make it difficult to fish • The last oyster fishery in Europe using sail was in Cornwall • A law since 1868 made it illegal to gather by mechanical means

  39. Special measures for certain species ‘V’ notching lobsters • A notch is cut out of the tail of berried lobsters. • It is illegal to land these for sale • The berried – those with eggs- lobsters are productive nand help to sustain the stock • Practice began in 1917 in Maine

  40. Management measures • Mesh size of nets • Larger nesh sizes enable more small fish to pass through. • These are not killed as by-catch and provide for the future catches

  41. So how has management done? • We do not have sufficient information for all importanat stocks. • Many stocks in trouble still.

  42. The future? You will need to impress others!

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