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Hazardous Materials

Learn about the standards and regulations surrounding hazardous materials, including compressed gases, flammable and combustible liquids, explosives, and hazardous waste operations. Stay informed and ensure workplace safety.

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Hazardous Materials

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  1. Hazardous Materials Subpart H

  2. Subpart H Standards • 1910.101 Compressed Gases • 1910.102 Acetylene • 1910.103 Hydrogen • 1910.104 Oxygen • 1910.105 Nitrous Oxide • 1910.106 Flammable and Combustible Liquids

  3. Subpart H Standards • 1910.107 Spray Finishing using Flammable and Combustible Materials • 1910.108 Dip Tanks containing Flammable and Combustible Liquids • 1910.109 Explosives and Blasting Agents

  4. Subpart H Standards • 1910.110 Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases • 1910.111 Storage and Handling of Anhydrous Ammonia • 1910.119 Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals • 1910.120 Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response

  5. Subpart H Standards • 1910.123 Dipping and coating operations: Coverage and Definitions • 1910.124 General Requirements for Dipping and Coating Operations

  6. Subpart H Standards • 1910.125 Additional Requirements for Dipping and Coating Operations that use Flammable or Combustible Liquids • 1910.126 Additional Requirements for Special Dipping and Coating Operations

  7. Definitions • Hazardous Chemical • Occupational Safety & Health Act (OSHA) term that denotes any chemical that would be a risk to employees if exposed in the work place

  8. Definition • Highly Hazardous Chemical • OSHA term that denotes any chemical that would posses toxic, reactive, flammable or explosive properties

  9. Flammable and Combustible Liquids 1910.106

  10. Definitions • Aerosol • Aerosol shall mean a material which is dispensed from its container as a mist, spray, or foam by a propellant under pressure

  11. Definitions • Approved • Approved shall mean an approved or listed by a national recognized testing laboratory • Such as: • Underwriters Laboratories (UL) or • Factory Mutual (FM)

  12. Definitions • Boiling Point • Boiling point shall mean the boiling point of a liquid at a pressure of 14.7 pounds per square inch absolute (psia). The pressure is equivalent to 760 millimeters of mercury (760 mm Hg) • Liquid changes into a vapor

  13. Definitions • Boiling Point • At temperatures above the boiling, the pressure of the atmosphere can no longer hold the liquid in the liquid state and bubbles begin to form. • The lower the boiling point, the greater the vapor pressure at normal ambient temperatures and consequently the greater the risk.

  14. Definitions • Container • Container shall mean any can, barrel, or drum

  15. Definitions • Closed Container • Closed container shall mean a container so sealed by means of a lid or other device that neither liquid or vapor will escape from it at ordinary temperatures

  16. Definitions • Fire Area • Fire area shall mean an area of a building separated from the remainder of the building by construction having a fire resistance of at least 1 hour and having all communicating openings properly protected by an assembly having a fire resistance rating of at least one hour.

  17. Definitions • Flash Point • Flash point means the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off vapor within a test vessel in sufficient concentration to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the liquid. The flash point is normally an indication of susceptibility to ignition.

  18. Definitions • Combustible Liquid • Combustible liquid means any liquid having a flash point at above 100°F (37.8 °C). • Combustible liquids are divided into two classes: • Class II • Class III

  19. Definitions • Class II Liquids • Class II liquids shall include those with a flash point at or above 100°F (37.8°C) and below 140°F (60°C), except any mixture having components with flash points at 200°F (93.3°C) or higher, the volume of which make up 99 percent or more of the total volume of the mixture

  20. Definitions • Class III Liquids • Class III liquids shall include those with flash points at or above 140°F (60°C). • Class III are divided into two classes: • Class IIIA • Class IIIB

  21. Definitions • Class IIIA Liquids • Class III liquids shall include those with flash points at or above 140°F (60°C) and below 200°F (93.3°C), except any mixture having components with flash points of 200°F (93.3°C), or higher, the total volume of which make up 99 percent or more of the total volume of the mixture

  22. Definitions • Class IIIB Liquids • Class IIIB liquids shall include those with a flash point at or above 200°F (93.3°C). • This section does not regulate Class IIIB liquids.

  23. Definitions • NOTE: • When a combustible liquid is heated to within 30°F (16.7°C) of its flash point, it shall be handled in accordance with the requirements for the next lower class of liquids

  24. Definitions • Flammable Liquid • Flammable liquid means any liquid having a flash point below 100 °F (37.8 °C) or higher, the total of which make up 99 percent or more of the total volume of the mixture. • Flammable liquids shall be known as Class I liquids

  25. Definitions • Class I liquids are divided into three classes: • Class 1A • Class 1B • Class 1C

  26. Definitions • Class 1A • Class 1A shall include liquids having flash points below 73 °F (22.8°C) and having a boiling point below 100 °F (37.8°C) • Examples: Ethyl Ether, Isopropyl Chloride, Pentane

  27. Definitions • Class 1B Liquids • Class 1B shall include liquids having flash points below 73°F (22.8°C) and having a boiling point at or above 100°F (37.8°C) • Example: Acetone, Gasoline, Toulene

  28. Definitions • Class 1C • Class 1C shall include liquids having flash points at at or above 73°F (22.8°C) and below 100°F (37.8°C) • Examples: Amyl Alcohol, Naphtha, Xylene

  29. Flash Point 200°F Combustible Flash Point > 100°F IIIA 140°F II 100°F IC Flammable Flash Point < 100°F 73°F IA IB 100°F Boiling Point

  30. Definitions • Portable Tank • Portable tank shall mean a closed container having a liquid capacity over 60 U.S. gallons and not intended for fixed installation

  31. Definitions • Safety Can • Safety can means an approved container, of not more than 5 gallons capacity, having a spring-closing lid and spout cover and so designed that it will safely relieve internal pressure when subject to fire exposure

  32. Definitions • Vapor Pressure • Vapor Pressure shall mean the pressure, measured in pounds per square inch (absolute) exerted by a volatile liquid as determined by the Standard Method of Test for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products by ASTM

  33. Definitions • Vapor Pressure • Vapor Pressure is a measure of a liquid’s propensity to evaporate. • The higher the vapor pressure, the more volatile the liquid and, thus, the more readily the liquid gives off vapors

  34. Definitions • Ventilation • Ventilation as specified in this section is for the prevention of fire and explosion • It is considered adequate if it is sufficient to prevent accumulation of significant quantities of vapor-air mixtures in concentrations over one-fourth of the lower flammable limit

  35. Flammable (Explosive) Limits • Flammable Range • The range of a combustible vapor or gas-air mixture between the upper and lower flammable limits. • Also, known as the “explosive range.”

  36. Flammable (Explosive) Limits • Lower Flammable Limit • The lowest concentration at which a combustible gas forms a flammable mixture. • Below the LFL there is too little combustible fuel to sustain a flame. • Also, known as “Lower Explosive Limit or LEL.”

  37. Flammable (Explosive) Limits • Upper Flammable Limit • The highest concentration at which a combustible gas forms a flammable mixture. • Above the UFL there is too little oxygen to sustain a flame. Better known as “too rich” to burn. • Also, known as “Upper Explosive Limit or UEL.”

  38. Flammable (Explosive) Limits • HazardousMaterialLFLUFL • Butane 1.9 8.5 • Ethylene Oxide 3.0 100.0 • Gasoline 1.4 7.6 • Hydrogen 4.0 75.0 • Isopropyl Alcohol 2.0 12.7 • Propane 2.1 9.5

  39. Container and Portable Tank Storage • This section applies only to the storage of flammable and combustible liquids in drums or other containers not exceeding 60 gallons individual capacity and portable tanks of less than 660 gallons individual capacity.

  40. Container and Portable Tank Storage • On approved containers and portable tanks may be used to store flammable and combustible liquids • Metal containers and portable tanks must meet DOT requirements

  41. Design, Construction and Capacity of Storage Cabinets • Not more than 60 gallons of Class I and/ or Class II liquids, or not more than 120 gallons of Class III liquids may be stored in an individual cabinet

  42. Design, Construction and Capacity of Storage Cabinets • The standard permits both metal and wooden storage cabinets • Cabinets shall be designed and constructed to limit internal temperatures to not more than 325°F when subject to a standardized 10-minute fire test

  43. Design, Construction and Capacity of Storage Cabinets • The bottom, top, door, and sides of metal cabinets shall be at least 18 gauge sheet metal and double walled with a 1 -inch air space • The door shall be provided with a three point lock and the door sill shall be raised at least 2-inches above the bottom of the cabinet

  44. Design and Construction of Inside Storage Rooms • Construction is to comply with test specifications outlined in NFPA 251 • Openings to other rooms or buildings shall be provided with non-combustible liquid-tight raised sills or ramps at least 4-inches in height, or the floor in the storage area shall be at least 4-inches below the surrounding floor

  45. Design and Construction of Inside Storage Rooms • Opening shall be provided with approved self-closing fire doors • The room shall be liquid tight where the floor joins the floor • Electrical wiring for Class I liquids will comply with Class I, Division 2 hazardous locations

  46. Design and Construction of Inside Storage Rooms • In each storage room, an aisle of at least 3 feet in width will be maintained • Containers over 30 gallons capacity shall not be stacked • Containers will be at least 3 feet from sprinkler heads

  47. Fire Control • At least one portable fire extinguisher having a rating of not less than 12-B units shall be located outside of, but not more than 10 feet from, the door opening into any room used for storage.

  48. The quantity of liquid that may be located outside of an inside storage room or storage cabinet in a building or in any one fire area of a building shall not exceed: 25 gallons of Class IA liquids in containers 120 gallons of Class IB, IC, II, or III liquids in containers 660 gallons of Class IB, IC, II, or III liquids in a single portable tank. Maximum Quantities

  49. Spray Finishing 1910.107

  50. Definitions • Aerated Solid Powders • Aerated powders shall mean any powdered material used as a coating material which shall be fluidized within a container by passing air uniformly from below. It is common practice to fluidize such materials to form a fluidized powder bed and then dip the part to be coated into the bed in a manner similar to that used in liquid dipping. Such beds are also used as sources for powder spray operation

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