Types of Information Systems

1. Types of Information Systems Prepared by Mavic G. Pineda for INFOSY2

2. Business Process Performance Variable How Information Systems Can Improve Communication How Information Systems Can Improve Decision Making Capacity Communicate more information or more types to more people Make more decisions using better, more complete information Consistency Make sure different people receive the same communication Make sure repetitive decisions are made in the same way Productivity Achieve more communication with less effort Make better decisions with less effort Cycle Time Eliminate undesirable delays in communication Eliminate unnecessary delays in decision making Flexibility Permit communication in many different forms Maintain decision quality across a wider range of situations Security Make sure communications go only to the intended recipients Make sure decisions are controlled only by those authorized to make the decisions

3. Personal, Impersonal and Anonymous Communication • Personal Communication - the personal relationship between the sender and recipient matters, affecting communication form and content even in business situations. • Impersonal Communication - the sender and recipient act as agents implementing the policies and tactics of business organization. • Anonymous Communication - the sender’s identity is purposely hidden from the recipient.

4. Same Time Different Time Same Place ·         Presentation systems ·         Group Decision Support Systems ·Transaction databases ·         Electronic Mail ·         Voice Mail Different Place ·         Typical Telephones ·         Computer Conferencing ·         Video Telephones and Videoconferencing ·         Nonrecorded radio or TV broadcast ·         Transaction Databases ·         Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) ·         Electronic Mail ·         Voice Mail ·         Fax ·         Prerecorded radio or TV Broadcast Communication Technologies Classified by Time and Place of Communication

5. Approaches for Improving Communication • Making face-to-face communication more effective • Eliminating unnecessary person-to-person communication  • Making communication systematic  • Combining and Extending electronic communication functions

6. Phases in a Decision Process • Problem Finding - is the process of identifying and formulating problems that should be solved. • is the key to effective decision making because a seemingly good solution to the wrong problem may miss the point. • Problem Solving - is the process of using information, knowledge and intuition to solve a problem that has been defined previously.

7. Four Main Phases a)  Intelligence - includes the collection and analysis of data related to the problem identified in the problem-finding stage. b) Design - includes systematic study of the problem, creation of alternatives, and evaluation of outcomes. c) Choice - is the selection of the preferred alternative. d) Implementation - is the process of putting the decision into effect.

8. Degree to Which Structure is imposed Approach for Imposing Structure Highest : Substitution of technology for people ·         Replace the person with technology ·         Automate much of the work High : Enforcement of rules or procedures ·         Control each step in the work ·         Provide active guidelines for work steps performed by the people Low : Access to information or tools ·  Use a model to evaluate or optimize a potential decision ·  Provide specialized tools that help people do their work ·  Provide information that is filtered, formatted, and summarized to make it useful ·   Provide a general-purpose tool to help people do work Different Levels of Imposing Structure of Work

9. Typical Ways Each Type of Information System Supports Communication and Decision-Making • Office Automation Systems : Provides individuals effective ways to process personal and organizational business data, perform calculations, and create documents • Communication System: Helps people work together by sharing information in many different forms

10. Typical Ways Each Type of Information System Supports Communication and Decision-Making • Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) : Collects and stores information about transactions, controls some aspects of transactions • Management Information System (MIS) : Converts TPS data into information for monitoring and managing an organization

11. Typical Ways Each Type of Information System Supports Communication and Decision-Making • Executive Information System (EIS) : Provides executives information in a readily accessible interactive format • Decision Support Systems (DSS) : Helps people make decisions by providing information, models or analysis tools

12. Typical Ways Each Type of Information System Supports Communication and Decision-Making • Expert Systems: supports the intellectual work of professionals engaged in design and diagnosis or evaluation of complex situations requiring expert knowledge in a well-defined area. • Groupware System : Helps teams work together by providing access to team data, structuring work flows, structuring communication, and making it easier to schedule meetings