Louis-Benoit Desroches ( ldesroches@lbl ) Energy Efficiency Standards Group

1. http://ees.ead.lbl.gov/ http://eetd.lbl.gov/r-ea.html Appliance Standards and Advanced Technologies Louis-Benoit Desroches (ldesroches@lbl.gov) Energy Efficiency Standards Group Energy Analysis Department, LBNL APS Physics of Sustainable Energy II March 6, 2011

2. Energy Demand in the U.S.

3. Annual U.S. Primary Energy Consumption Standards affect products using >80% of residential and >60% of commercial buildings’ primary energy

4. Residential Electric Savings APS (2008). Energy Future: Think Efficiency http://www.aps.org/energyefficiencyreport/report/aps-energyreport.pdf

5. U.S. Standards Program http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/ • Establish Standards • New standards for a product are intended to achieve the maximum efficiency that is technologically feasibleand economically justified, and to have significant energy savings. • The Secretary of Energyweighs the benefits and burdens of standards in selecting the level of stringency. • Open Process involving Stakeholders • The process of developing standards is intended to be open, involving stakeholders as active participants and fostering consensus. • Analysis includes engineering, LCC, NIA, MIA, utility impacts, environmental assessments, and RIA

6. Impacts Vary Depending upon Equipment Price, Energy Prices, and Usage Behavior Example: Clothes washer standard reduces energy 22% in year 2004 • 90% of households have net savings; 10% have net costs • Mean impact = $103 savings (6%) • Range of impacts is from $808 savings to $126 cost per household • Average baseline LCC = $1633

7. Statistical-EU Top-runner-Japan U.S. Appliance Standards Are Based on Engineering-Economic Analysis Targets can go beyond current models DOE-US 300 600 900 liters

8. Rulemaking Activities • Six Final Rules • in 2009 • 14 Products with standards prescribed by EISA 2007 • Ranges and Ovens • General Service Fluorescent Lamps (GSFL) and Infrared (IRL) Lamps • Commercial Package Boilers and Very Large Commercial Package Air-conditioners & Heat Pumps • Refrigerated Beverage Vending Machines • Commercial Clothes Washers • Five Final Rules • in 2010 • Water Heaters (Residential)(COMPLETED) • Direct Heating Equipment (COMPLETED) • Pool Heaters (COMPLETED) • Small Electric Motors (COMPLETED) • Refrigerators (pending) • Ten Final Rules • in 2011 • Microwave Ovens • Residential Furnaces • Fluorescent Lamp Ballasts • Clothes Dryers (Residential) • Room Air Conditioners • Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps (Residential) • Battery Chargers • External Power Supplies (Class A) • ER, BR, and Small Diameter Incandescent Reflector Lamps • Residential Clothes Washers 2.81 quads $2.0B (@ 7%) 164 MMT CO2 • Ongoing Rules • Furnace Fans • DistributionTransformers • MH Lamp Fixtures • HID Lamps • Residential Dishwashers • and more….. 2.20 quads $5.3B (@ 7%) 112 MMT CO2

9. NAS estimate of economic benefits of Energy Efficiency R&D assigns $30 billion in savings (including $23 billion to LBNL technologies) Additional $48 billion in savings from energy efficiency standards for 9 residential products • Primary Energy Savings • 9% of 2025 residential energy use • Carbon Reductionsin 2025 • 132 million metric tons CO2/year Energy Research at DOE: Was It Worth It? National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council (2001) DOE spent $7.3 billion on EE R&D, 1978-2000 cumulative DOE spent ~$0.3 billion on energy efficiency standards, 1979-2010 cumulative

10. Impacts from Existing Standards Neubauer et al. (2009). Ka-BOOM! The Power of Appliance Standards. ASAP-7/ACEEE-A091

11. Impacts from Upcoming Standards Neubauer et al. (2009). Ka-BOOM! The Power of Appliance Standards. ASAP-7/ACEEE-A091

12. Impacts from Existing and New Stds Neubauer et al. (2009). Ka-BOOM! The Power of Appliance Standards. ASAP-7/ACEEE-A091

13. U.S. Average Energy Use per New Appliance Index relative to 1972 = 100 Gas Furnace-25% Central air conditioner– 50% Effective Dates of = State Standards Effective Dates of = National Standards Refrigerator-70%

14. Refrigerators in the U.S. Source: David Goldstein

15. Appliance Price Histories Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

16. Some examples of advanced technologies……

17. Refrigerators Source: Sun Frost

18. Air Conditioning Source: Daikin AC Source: Coolerado Source: ECO-MAX

19. Integrated Systems Baxter et al. (2008), Development of a Small Integrated Heat Pump for Net-Zero Energy Homes, 9th International IEA Heat Pump Conference .

20. Lighting Source: Philips But don’t forget fluorescent lighting…. Source: QD Vision Source: Ceravision

21. Televisions and Displays Source: QD Vision

22. Transformers Sources: Warner Power, Hexaformer

23. Clothes Dryers Nipkow& Bush (2009), Promotion of Energy-Efficient Heat Pump Dryers, EEDAL ‘09.

24. Clothes Washers Source: Xeros Ltd.

25. Network(ed) Equipment Source: IEEE P802.3az

26. Conclusions Energy efficiency has proven itself 30-year track record, technologically feasible, economically justified Standards and labels produced significant energy savings Economic benefits vastly exceed programmatic costs Affordable energy efficiency is a renewable resource Additional potential has been identified Will replace each generation of appliances, equipment, lighting Many interesting advanced technologies on the horizon, which can deliver significant savings ldesroches@lbl.gov http://ees.ead.lbl.gov/ http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/