The Abbasids

1. The Abbasids By: Jenna Hindawi, Naseem Heydari, Haaniya Mallick, Rayyan Ameiche, Mohammed Alyousfi, and Omar Marakby

2. Important Person: Abu-Ishaq Abu Ishaq ‘Abba al-Mu’tasim ibn harun was a Abbasid caliph starting from 833 till 842. It was recorded that he hailed caliph August 9, 833. Al-Ma’mun was his half-brother and he succeeded him. He was against a Khurramiyyah revolt and defeated the rebels there.

3. Important People: Al-Mutawwakil Al-Mutawakkil ‘Alà Allah ja ‘far ibn Al-Mu’tasim was also another Abbasid caliph until 861. Al- Mutawwakil succeeded his brother (al – Wathiq) and he is known for stoppinMihna ‘ordeal”. He built over 20 palaces because he was one of the greatest patrons of Abbasid architecture.

4. Events • The capital was transferred to Samarra in 836 remaining there until 892. • The empire spilt into independent units when many independent kingdoms sprang up. • The Seljuk Turks came to hold real power at Baghdad. • A member of the family escaped to Cairo, when the 37th caliph died in the disaster. The member of the family recognized as caliph.

5. Events • In 747A.D the non- Arab Muslims and the Shiites gathered together an army with Abu’Al- Abbas the leader. • He directed descendent of the prophet Muhammad. • They defeated the Umayyad and after that Abbas made himself as the caliph. • Abbas and his decedents would rule Islam until 1258 A.D.!

6. 749 892 762 794 809 811 812 819 833 847 At Samarra’ a new capital was found in 847. The supporters of al-Amin made an attempt to invade Iran but were defeated. In 811. On the site of the old village of Baghdad al-Mansur founded a new capital in 762. Samarra’ survived until 892 while it was the capital of the Caliphate. Al-Ma’mun died in 833 and Abu Ishaq succeeded him with no difficulty. At the mosque at Al-Kufah the first Abbasid Caliph (as-Saffah) was proclaimed in 749. Harun died in 809. From August 812 until September 813 Al-Ma’mun’s supporters laid siege to Baghdad. Walid ibn Tarif defied government forces between 794 and 797. Al-Ma’mun returned to Baghdad in August 819.

7. Geography/Maps The earliest Islamic civilization started during the Abbasid period. The Abbasid period was the most successful trading route in world history.

8. Trade (Geography/Maps) The people of the Abbasid Empire would carve camels that would represent travel.

9. Travel Other then traveling by camels, the Abbasids also used a dhow. Maraim, the creator of the Astrolabe helped Muslim sailors to reach their destination.

10. Artifacts This is an old manuscript from the Quran written during the time period of the Abbasids empire. As shown, this is the Great Mosque of Samarra . It was built by Al-Mutawwakil.

11. Inventions: Mariam Al- Astrolabe • Mariam al-Astrolabe continued on her father’s invention, the astrolabe. • Born in Baghdad, and made the calendar, and compass (which was the astrolabe). • Although her father noticed that there is 365 days in a year. • This late became known as the GPS, and instead of calendar its became technology such as in a computer.

12. Astrolabe Compass GPS

13. Inventions: Al-Zahrawi • Al-Zahrawi has made many useful surgery tools. • He was also very good at surgery and created many procedures for successful surgeries. • Al-Zahrawi made books • Doctors still use the inventions he made in the world today, and it became much easier for the doctors in the present.

15. We thank you for taking your time to watch our presentation!