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Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program

Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program. http://treesandhurricanes.ifas.ufl.edu. Developing a preventive pruning program in your community: Mature trees. Dr. Ed Gilman and Amanda Bisson. Inaction can cause structural problems. Young trees are easier to fix.

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Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program

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  1. Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program http://treesandhurricanes.ifas.ufl.edu

  2. Developing a preventive pruning program in your community: Mature trees Dr. Ed Gilman and Amanda Bisson

  3. Inaction can cause structural problems Young trees are easier to fix Older trees are more challenging to treat Codominant stems with bark inclusions

  4. Poor structure such as codominant stems often cause branch failure in storms

  5. Pruning can reduce damage A recent study at UF showed that pruning reduces canopy movement when trees are exposed to high winds. Not pruned Reduction pruning

  6. Your goal Poor management Single trunk Multiple trunks Better management

  7. Common mature treeproblems codominant stems included bark dead branch water sprouts dead branch broken branch sucker decay

  8. Preventive Pruning: mature trees • Set objectives • Determine pruning cycle and dose • Execute pruning plan- make good cuts- prioritize trees with high risk structural issues - choose appropriate pruning type

  9. Pruning objectives: • Reduce risk of failure – minimize storm damage • Promote human safety • Allow for safe passage • Increase sun penetration to the ground • Maintain health

  10. Objective: Reduce risk of failure • Identify risks • Bark inclusions • Cracks • Over-extended limbs • Leaning trees • Root decay • Girdling roots • Reduce conditions that could lead to catastrophic branch or tree loss. reduce

  11. Strong union without a bark inclusion Collar

  12. Close-up of included bark

  13. Failure due to bark inclusion

  14. Cracks are evident and indicate weakness Crack

  15. Reduce branch with crack reduce Horizontal crack

  16. Broken branch

  17. Reduction could have prevented this

  18. Before pruning a leaning tree After pruning

  19. Severed and decayed root systems

  20. Stem girdling roots may cause trees to topple Location of girdling roots. Notice that there are few supporting roots on this side of the tree.

  21. Stem girdling roots • Roots that circle around the base of the trunk Girdling root

  22. After removing girdling roots

  23. Objective: Promote human safety • Avoid expensive damage Broken branch pruned away to free the car

  24. Objective: Allow for safe passage Notice the large limbs located close to the ground – these will eventually have to be removed for clearance.

  25. Objective: Reduce shade After thinning More light here Before thinning

  26. Objective: Maintain tree health

  27. Preventive Pruning: mature trees • Set objectives • Determine pruning cycle and dose • Execute pruning plan-make good cuts- prioritize trees with high risk structural issues -choose appropriate pruning type

  28. Pruning cycle • Pruning cycle is the time period between pruning episodes • Pruning every 2 years results in trees better prepared for storms than longer cycles • The sooner you begin pruning the less you will need to remove at each pruning

  29. Pruning dose • Old trees can decline as a result of removing too much live tissue. • Try not to remove more than 10% of the live foliage on a mature tree. • Remove more than 10% only for a good reason such as a cracked live branch over a house.

  30. Remove live foliage only for a good reason! Excessive sprouting as a result of stress caused from over pruning.

  31. Risks of removing too much tissue • Forces use of energy by initiating defense mechanisms. • Removes energy reserves. • Can cause cracks. • Can cause sprouting. • Can cause branch death. • Can cause tree mortality. • Reduces energy storage space.

  32. Preventive Pruning: mature trees • Set objectives • Determine pruning cycle and dose • Execute pruning plan- make good cuts- prioritize trees with high risk structural issues - choose appropriate pruning type

  33. Types of pruning cuts: Reduction cut shortens the length of a stem by pruning back to a smaller limb. Removal cut prunes a branch back to the trunk or parent branch.

  34. Make good pruning cuts Step 1 Make an undercut about 12 inches from the trunk. Step 2 Make a top cut farther out on the limb. Step 3 Remove the stub with final cut, being careful not to cut flush against the trunk. Leave the collar intact.

  35. Branch bark ridge Collar Collar: swollen area at the base of the branch where it joins the trunk. The tissue is rich in energy reserves and chemicals that hinder the spread of decay. Good pruning cuts avoid cutting into the collar.

  36. No collar visible imaginary line Pruningcut B Angle ‘A’ should equal angle ‘B’ A

  37. Bad cut- called a flush cut Woundwood does not develop evenly

  38. Reduction cut

  39. 1 Primary - do not remove 2 Secondary - almost never remove 3 Tertiary- carefully consider removal 4 Quaternary – could remove some 5 Quinary- could remove several

  40. Structural pruning Cleaning Thinning Raising Reducing Balancing Root pruning Palm pruning Pruning to restore Types of preventive pruning: Mature Trees

  41. Structural pruning shortens or thins certain stems and branches

  42. Before After

  43. Before 4 After 3 2 1

  44. 1 yearlater 2 years later

  45. Preventive structural pruning 3 years later Before pruning After pruning

  46. Three years later Showing three cuts

  47. Close-up of sweetgum

  48. First cut

  49. 3.5 inch stem removed

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