Prepared by: Mike Ghassemi

1. Progress towards precise mapping and navigation technology in Micro Tunneling Prepared by: Mike Ghassemi Aecom Canada

2. Project Description Project: York Durham Sanitary System (YDSS) Purpose: Sewer Tunnel Owner: The Regional Municipality of York Location: Toronto, 19th Ave. and Leslie StreetTunnel Diameter: 2.744 meterLength of Tunnel: 4100 meterDuration: 2006-2008 Consultant: Aecom and Hatch MottMacDonaldContractor: McNally International/Aecon Depth of Cover: Varies from 5 m to 18 m Lining: Prefabricated Concrete Segments

3. Location Map 01-May-2007 18-June-2007 16-Nov-2007 25-May-2008 10-July-2007

4. Tunnel Lining Description Type: Prefabricated Concrete Segments Inside Diameter: 2,743 mm (108”) Thickness: 190 mm (7.5”) Length: 1,219 mm (48”) Configuration: 5 No. 67.5º Segments 1 No. 22.5º Key Segment Grout Output: Through the segments

5. TBM Description TBM Type: Earth Pressure Balance-RME129SE Manufacturer: LOVATCut Diameter: 3.289 meter TBM Length: 9 m, Nominal TBM + Back-up Length: 70 m, Approximately TBM Weight: 88 tonne, Approximately TBM + Back-up Weight: 160 tonne, Approximately Consumption of electricity per hour: 112 kWh Average bored distance per day: 20 to 30 metres Curvature: Minimum Horizontal Radius: 150 m Maximum Slope: 0.8% TBM guzzled up 112 KW per hour, a little more than the amount of electricity that an averageCanadian family consumes per week.

6. Daily Progress: 13 rings per day

7. Main Components of 19th Ave. TBM Cutting Head Segment Erector Screw Conveyor Belt Conveyor Segment Car Articulation Propulsion Cylinder

8. Surveying Methodology • Find all the control points and Bench mark nearby the project • Select a unique datum for horizontal control points (NAD27) and for vertical datum (MSL) • Design a stable geodetic network for over ground to meet the construction tolerance • Select the surveying instrument based on your pre-analysis for geodetic network • Establish new control points and bench mark with aid of GPS, total station and precise levels • Mapping all the over ground features, property lines and buried utilities (ground coordinates) • Re-layout the alignment on your drawings and check the distance from property line and other features • Check the alignment vertically to avoid of hitting existing utilities • Re-check the curves in the designed alignment with consideration of the minimum curve radius • due to gantry and geometry of the Rings • Layout and mark all the surface monitoring points and the shafts Over Ground Traverse

9. Layout the Shaft

10. Excavation the tunnel from Shaft 4

11. Dec-2006

12. Transfer the points from the surface to the bottom

13. TBM arrival on 20-Feb 2007

14. Placing TBM in the Tunnel

15. Establish underground geodetic network Zigzag traverse for under ground geodetic network Wall Station

16. Navigation System for TBM There are six manufactures for TBM guidance system 1-Tacs made by Dutch 2-ZED made by UK 3-PPS made by German 4-VMT made by German 5-Centerline by German Specialist in Micro Tunneling 6-ENZA made by Japan 7-D&P made by France Each one has advantages and disadvantages which author is not going through them. ZED is used for this project.

17. Principal of Navigation System

18. ZED Configuration

19. Video Target ZED Setup Laser Station Control Station

20. The role of Inclinometer & Laser

21. Operator Control Room Navigation Display

22. Breakthrough at S5 on July 2005 B A C D

23. The Major Source of Errors in Alignment • Instruments were not enough accurate • Computations mistakes • Levelling mistakes

24. Gyro or Alignment Hole Alignment Hole North Finder

25. The minor Source of Errors in Alignment • Geology of the area (Soft or hard ground) • Operator fault (Non selecting a proper thrust pattern by operator) • Malfunction of articulation sensors • Malfunction of Inclinometer • Laser • Total Station • Segment configuration • Broken teeth or blunt teeth • Boulder on the way

26. Final Product

27. Thank You Questions Answers