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Chapter 17 Section 1

Chapter 17 Section 1. Structure of the Atom. Scientific Shorthand. Chemical symbols are nicknames for elements Understood worldwide Makes writing equations a lot easier!. Atomic Components. Atom = the smallest particle of an element that still retains the properties of the element

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Chapter 17 Section 1

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  1. Chapter 17 Section 1 Structure of the Atom

  2. Scientific Shorthand • Chemical symbols are nicknames for elements • Understood worldwide • Makes writing equations a lot easier!

  3. Atomic Components • Atom = the smallest particle of an element that still retains the properties of the element • Nucleus = positively charged center of an atom that contains protons and neutrons

  4. Atomic Components • Protons have a positive (+1) charge • Neutrons are neutral (no charge) • Electrons have a negative (-1) charge

  5. Quarks – Even Smaller Particles • Electrons are not made of smaller particles, however… • Protons and neutrons are made of quarks • There are 6 unique quarks (3 quarks make a proton and 3 quarks make a neutron)

  6. Finding Quarks • The Tevatronaccelerates charged particles to tremendous speeds and smashes them into protons • Causes the proton to break apart and the resulting particles are detected using several devices

  7. Models – Tools for Scientists • Democritus first proposed the idea that all matter was made up of atoms in 400 BC (Aristotle disagreed) • John Dalton was the first to proof atoms exist and provided a physical explanation for chemical reactions) • Thomson Rutherford Bohr • 1904 1911 1913

  8. The Electron Cloud Model (1926) • This model is used today • Electron cloud = the area around the nucleus of an atom where its electrons are most likely found • 100,000 times larger than the diameter of the nucleus • It’s impossible to pinpoint the location of a single electron

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