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Introduction to Operating Systems

Introduction to Operating Systems. By Omar Y. Tahboub Multimedia and Networking Lab MediaNet Computer Science Department Kent State University. About the Speaker. Omar Y. Tahboub Department of Computer Science Kent State University Kent, Ohio 44242 Office: (330)-672-7825

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Introduction to Operating Systems

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  1. Introduction to Operating Systems By Omar Y. Tahboub Multimedia and Networking Lab MediaNet Computer Science Department Kent State University

  2. About the Speaker Omar Y. Tahboub Department of Computer Science Kent State University Kent, Ohio 44242 Office: (330)-672-7825 Email: otahboub@cs.kent.edu URL: http://www.cs.kent.edu/~otahboub

  3. About the Speaker Education • Ph.D. in Computer Science, Kent State University, 2010(expected) • M.S. in Computer Science, University of Jordan, 2004 • B.S. in Computer Science, Jordan University of Science and Technology, 2002

  4. About the Speaker Research Interests • Scheduling-based Routing in Predictable Intermittent Networks • Scheduling-based Routing in Disruptive/Delay Tolerant Networks • Internet2 Network Backbone Architectural Design • Internet2 Network Protocol Architectural Design • Dynamic Circuit Networking at MPLS Protocol (DCN@MPLS) • Design of Multi-Party Communication Architectures for Enterprise Space Explorations

  5. Agenda • Introduction • Part 1:Modern Information Systems: “The Big Picture” • Part 2: Introduction to Operating Systems • Summary

  6. Agenda • Introduction • Part 1:Modern Information Systems: “The Big Picture” • Reference Model • Architectural Model • Networking and Internet Evolution • Part 2: Operating Systems • Operating System (OS) • The Functions of OS • The Organization of OS • Types of OS • Design Issues of OS • Summary

  7. Introduction • In this talk, we aim to achieve two main goals: • Presentation of the “Big Picture” of modern information systems. • Answer some interesting questions related to operating systems: • What are they? • How they work? • In what types they come? • How do they evolve?

  8. Agenda • Introduction • Part 1:Modern Information Systems: “The Big Picture” • Components • Architecture • Interconnectivity • Part 2: Operating Systems • Summary

  9. Modern Information Systems • Information Systems (ISs) have become a central element in modern organizations. • Generally, ISs are studied in in terms of their: • Components • Architecture • Interconnectivity

  10. Agenda • Introduction • Part 1:Modern Information Systems: “The Big Picture” • Reference Model • Architectural Model • Network and Internet Evolution • Part 2: Operating Systems • Summary

  11. Information Systems Reference Model People Procedures Software Hardware Data

  12. The People Operator Teacher/Students Stock Broker Banker

  13. The Procedures Installation Manual Software Training Kit User Manual

  14. The Software System Software (Operating System) Application Software

  15. The Hardware Monitor Microcomputer Mouse Tower Keyboard Supercomputer Minicomputer

  16. The Data Video Text Audio Image

  17. Agenda • Introduction • Part 1:Modern Information Systems: “The Big Picture” • Reference Model • Architectural Model • Networking and Internet Evolution • Part 2: Operating Systems • Summary

  18. Information System Architectural Model

  19. Networking and Internet Revolution Local Area Network Wide Area Network The Internet

  20. Networking and Internet Revolution

  21. Important Observations • Modern ISs incorporate various types of computers scaling from handheld gadgets to supercomputers. • The software component represents a central component in modern ISs. • Further, system software (OS) forms a key element in the IS software component • Hence, it is the heartof the IS.

  22. Agenda • Introduction • Part 1:Modern Information Systems: “The Big Picture” • Part 2: Operating Systems • Operating System (OS) • The Functions of OS • The Organization of OS • Types of OS • Design Issues of OS • Summary

  23. Agenda • Introduction • Part 1:Modern Information Systems: “The Big Picture” • Part 2: Operating Systems • Operating System (OS) • The Functions of OS • The Organization of OS • Types of OS • Design Issues of OS • Summary

  24. Operating Systems • Operating systems are: • No universally accepted definition • “Everything a vendor ships when you order an operating system” is good approximation • But varies wildly • “The one program running at all times on the computer” is the kernel.Everything else is either a system program (ships with the operating system) or an application program.

  25. Operating Systems • Operating systems is: • system software, which operates the computer hardware. • A virtual machine shell, which provided a logical representation of the underlying physical computer hardware. • An intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer hardware. • A set of system and application and utility software that manage, allocate and coordinate the underlying hardware resources including: • Processor (CPU) • Graphic Processor (GPU) • Memory • Storage • Network Communication

  26. Agenda • Introduction • Part 1:Modern Information Systems: “The Big Picture” • Part 2: Operating Systems • Operating System (OS) • The Functions of OS • The Organization of OS • Types of OS • Design Issues of OS • Summary

  27. Functions of Operating Systems • Execute user programs and make solving user problems easier • Make the computer system convenient to use • Use the computer hardware in an efficient manner.

  28. Functions of Operating Systems

  29. Agenda • Introduction • Part 1:Modern Information Systems: “The Big Picture” • Part 2: Operating Systems • Operating System (OS) • The Functions of OS • The Organization of OS • Types of OS • Design Issues of OS • Summary

  30. Operating System Organization • Computer-system operation • One or more CPUs, device controllers connect through common bus providing access to shared memory • Concurrent execution of CPUs and devices competing for memory cycles

  31. Operating SystemsOrganization • I/O devices and the CPU can execute concurrently • Each device controller is in charge of a particular device type • Each device controller has a local buffer • CPU moves data from/to main memory to/from local buffers • I/O is from the device to local buffer of controller • Device controller informs CPU that it has finished its operation by causing an interrupt

  32. Agenda • Introduction • Part 1:Modern Information Systems: “The Big Picture” • Part 2: Operating Systems • Operating System (OS) • The Functions of OS • The Organization of OS • Types of OS • Design Issues of OS • Summary

  33. Types of Operating Systems • Mainly there are five types of Operating Systems: • Multi/Single-User Operating Systems • Multi/Single-Tasking Operating Systems • Real-Time Operating Systems • Distributed Operating Systems • Embedded Operating Systems

  34. Types of Operating Systems 1. Multi/Single User Operating Systems: • Allow multiple users to access a computer system concurrently. • Time-sharing systems can be classified as multi-user systems. • Single-user operating systems, are usable by a single user at a time. • Multi-user operating systems • Single-user operating systems

  35. Types of Operating Systems 2. Multi/Single Tasking Operating Systems: • Single Tasking: only one program is allowed to run at a time. • Multi-Taking OS: Multi programs are allowed to run concurrently. • Pre-emptive : OS slices CPU time and dedicate a slice for each program. • Cooperative: relying on each process to give time to the other processes in a defined manner

  36. Types of Operating Systems 3. Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS): • Multitasking operating system that aims at executing real-time applications. • Quick and predictable response to events. • Use specialized scheduling algorithms so that they can achieve a deterministic nature of behavior. • Event-driven • time-sharing design. • ChibiOS/RT, BeRTOS and LynxOS

  37. Types of Operating Systems 4. Distributed Operating Systems (DOS): • Manages a group of independent computers and makes them appear to be a single computer. • When computers in a group work in cooperation, they make a distributed system. • Amoeba Operating System, and E1 DOS

  38. Types of Operating Systems 5. Embedded Operating Systems : • Used in embedded computer systems are known as embedded operating systems. • Operate on small machines like PDAs with less autonomy. • Operate with a limited number of resources. • Windows CE, FreeBSD, and Minix 3.

  39. Agenda • Introduction • Part 1:Modern Information Systems: “The Big Picture” • Part 2: Operating Systems • Operating System (OS) • The Functions of OS • The Organization of OS • Types of OS • Design Issues of OS • Summary

  40. Design Issues of Operating Systems • Development of faster and more robust hardware. • Demand for better performance coping with emerging hardware technologies. • Scalability. • Security. • Communication and Internet Evolution

  41. Summary • Gave a brief demonstration of modern information systems highlighting operating systems. • Operating system forms the heart of an information system. • Gave a holistic introduction to operating systems answering a number interesting questions: • What are they? • What they do? • How they are organized? • What are their types? • What are the their design issues?

  42. Thank You !

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