Literary Concepts in The Giver

1. Literary Concepts in The Giver Deep Analysis of The Giver

2. Foreshadowing = Hints & clues about the future • Jonas receives a memory of the sled as his first memory • Lily points out that both Jonas and Gabe have pale eyes (“knowing eyes”) • Rule #8: You may lie • “Changes” – the apple, the audience and Fiona’s hair • Jonas is chastised for claiming he’s “starving” • Jonas is on the sled at the end • Both boys have the ability to “see beyond” • Jonas starts to lie frequently • Jonas can see pigmentation (permanently) • Jonas is starving to death at the end

3. Foreshadowing Continued… • The myth of the man using the river to escape

4. Foreshadowing in Mr. Ryan’s Life • Mr. Ryan’s old fiancée always wanted new things • Mr. Ryan was tall and quick • Mr. Ryan’s mother and uncle are teachers • She eventually wanted a new significant other • Mr. Ryan became good at basketball • Mr. Ryan became a teacher

5. Symbolism = Something is something else (figuratively) • The Sled • The River • The Annex • Elephant/Poachers • Gabriel • Lily • Asher • Rosemary • Jonas • Glee • Killing of memories • Dove (symbol of peace) • The journey • Bitterness • Hope, “Open Eyes” (figuratively), Strength of God? • Protection from community • Escape (Flee) or Path • Float on the surface (showy)

6. Symbolism in Mr. Ryan’s Life • Wedding Ring • Small Car • Beard • Love and devotion in marriage • Laid back/Doesn’t care about image • Free spirit

7. Mood = the feeling the author intends to give you as the reader • The plane flies over the community • Jonas sees the apple alter • Jonas becomes the Receiver of Memory in training • Jonas watches the release of the twin • Jonas and Gabriel on the sled • Uncertainty/Bewilderment • Inquisitive/Intriguing/Mystified • Apprehensive • Mortified/Rage • Gleeful???

8. Mood in Mr. Ryan’s Life

9. Themes/Main or Central Idea (inferred) = universal ideas throughout a text • You need both pleasure and anguish in life • The importance of the individual • Learning from mistakes • Protecting people from themselves • Good and bad memories • Everyone is the same except for “the pale eyes” • Only Jonas and the Giver can learn from previous generations mistakes; the community can only learn from themselves • Nobody gets to make their own choices

10. Themes or Main/Central Idea (stated/inferred) = universal ideas throughout a text • “Memories are forever” • “[Caring] is the meaning of everything” • “Memories need to be shared” • Ignorance is bliss • Love is… • Integrity is… • Intelligence is… • Courage or bravery is…

11. Themes in Mr. Ryan’s Life • Always try your best • You can always change but you can’t change the past • Mr. Ryan worst grades have been a C+, C+ and C • Mr. Ryan still lives with his mistakes from high school

12. Cause and Effect (when something makes something else happen) • Gabriel does not sleep soundly at the nurturing center… • Rosemary can’t bear the anguish… • Jonas wants to start “feeling” more… • Rosemary is released • Jonas accidently transmits a memory to Gabe • Add two more • He gets voted to be released • She asks for her release • He stops taking stirring pills

13. Cause & Effect

14. Internal Conflict = problems with yourself (decisions/choices) Person vs. Self • Jonas can lie but doesn’t want to • Jonas can’t decide what assignment to focus on • Jonas wants his stirrings but has to take the pills • (Students add two more) • Avoids questions, answers other questions, and lies • Does many different assignments during volunteer hours • Jonas stops taking the dosage

15. Internal Conflict in Mr. Ryan’s Life

16. External Conflict = problems with someone or something else (Person vs. Person, Nature, God or Society) • Jonas discovers his father kills babies • Jonas is literally starving with the snow and hill being obstacles • Jonas has to follow the rules of the community or risk “release” • Jonas going to heaven??? • Add two more • Person vs. Person • Person vs. Nature • Person vs. Society • Person vs God

17. External Conflict in Mr. Ryan’s Life

18. Simile = comparison using like or as (compare uncommon things) • Jonas is like an elephant • The Giver is like a light switch to Jonas • Asher is as dumb as a doorknob • The community is as blind as a bat • (Students add three) • He never forgets • He turns the light on for Jonas (figuratively) • Doorknobs can’t think – Asher is easily controlled • Bats use sonar and the community is blind to what is happening

19. Similes in Mr. Ryan’s Life

20. Metaphors = comparisons using am, is, are, etc.(compare uncommon things) • The Giver is a switch • The community is a trap • The sled is a life jacket • The river is a treasure map • (Student adds two more) • He shows Jonas the “light” (the truth) • The community tricks the members into many things • Helps Jonas escape the community • The river leads to escape (Elsewhere is the “X”)

21. Metaphors in Mr. Ryan’s Life

22. Alliteration = using the same consonant at the beginning of a word (at least three times) • “He’d been sleeping so soundly” • The Giver gives good and gleeful memories • father said in his sweet, sing-song voice” • Gabriel gets a great gift from Jonas and gives his gratitude • (students add three more)

23. Alliteration in Mr. Ryan’s Life

24. Hyperbole = an exaggerated statement • The Giver’s beard is ten feet long • The Christmas tree is the greenest-green ever • The sled is lightning fast • Asher is always late • “Jonas had a thousand questions. A million.” • (students three more) • His beard may be long, but it’s not ten feet long • It may appear to be the greenest but Jonas hasn’t seen all the greens • The sled is fast but can’t be as fast as lightning • Asher is often late, not always

25. Hyperbole in Mr. Ryan’s life • Mr. Ryan is 20 feet tall • Mr. Ryan is 6’5

26. Oxymoron or Paradox (opposites that seem not to make sense but somehow do) www.oxymoronlist.com • A little big problem • (add four more) • Gabe is a little child (literally) and starving is a big problem

27. Idioms www.idiomsite.com • A slap on the wrist • (students add 4) • The children get chastised for every little infraction (literally & figuratively) • Explain how it fits the story

28. Personification (giving inanimate objects human traits or qualities) • The river swallowed Caleb • The annex confides in no one • Students add 3 more • (think of our senses) • The sled feels • The syringe • The books (pick an action) • The bikes (pick a thought or action) • He drowned • Secrets are kept in the annex by Jonas & The Giver

29. Onomatopoeia (words make the sound) www.examples-of-onomatopoeia.com/ • The fish sizzled on the stove • The children giggled at Asher’s poor use of vocab • Students add three more • Zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz • Gggggggggggggggggg

30. Irony (Opposites)(Situational, Verbal or Dramatic) • Nobody knows what release is • There is homicide in the Utopian community • Rosemary made a great receiver • The Elders make fantastic decisions • People celebrate release • Jonas and the Giver planning the escape • This is irony because .

31. Differences (3) Compare and Contrast(Similarities & Differences) Similarities (3) Jonas/Fiona Jonas/Asher Jonas/The Giver Father/The Giver Jonas/Rosemary The Giver/Rosemary Rosemary/Fiona . Jonas/Fiona Jonas/Asher Jonas/The Giver Father/The Giver Jonas/Rosemary The Giver/Rosemary Rosemary/Fiona

32. Flat/Static Round/Dynamic versus Flat/Static Characters (Jonas, The Giver, Rosemary, Asher, Gabe) Round/Dynamic Jonas, The Giver and three other characters I infer is a round/dynamic character because . I infer is a flat or static character because .

33. Protagonist (main character) versus Antagonist (bad guy or thing) • The Community • The Burden of the Memories • The Giver’s responsibility as the Receiver to give anguished-filled memories • Jonas needs love • Jonas • Ranking Antagonist and explain your ranking

34. Opinions Fact versus Opinion Facts Jonas is the best receiver Gabe has golden hair The Giver is too rigid The father is a good liar Fiona releases the old Gabe has pale eyes There is a bridge over the river Rosemary shouldn’t have committed suicide Jonas is starving Jonas & Gabe died The community needs love The annex is a great place for training

35. Chronological Order (Sequencing) • Jonas gets his first memory (snow/sled) • Jonas finds out Rosemary was released • A plane flies over the community • Jonas is bypassed at the ceremony of twelve • The twin is released • Jonas is given his rules as the new Receiver • Jonas abducts Gabe • Jonas & Gabe are sliding down the hill • Jonas sees the apple change • The Giver gives Jonas the memory of war and the soldier • The Giver transmits a rainbow • Jonas perceives love • The memory of the poachers killing the elephant

36. Story Map of The Giver • Exposition: introduction to story and conflict(s) • Rising Action: main events that lead to climax • Community is very rigid and can get “released” for transgressions • List at least five to seven vital events before the climax

37. Story Map Continued • Climax: most interesting or crucial part; the story “changes” • Falling Action: main events after the climax • Resolution (denouement): how the major conflict is solved • When we find out “release” means murder (climax) • List at least three to five events that were imperative after the climax • Jonas and Gabriel reach “Elsewhere” (resolution)

38. Setting = time and place • The “perfect” place • Where his family lives and where sharing takes place • Learning and training take place • Can be outside/can’t be outside • Where the training is • Caleb’s “escape” • Where people go after their release

39. Author’s Purpose To inform, To Entertain, To Persuade, To Express an Opinion • Jonas and Gabriel escape the community • Mr. Ryan and the Giver have grotesque beards • You need to read The Giver, it will make you think differently • In the movie the Giver should have a purple beard and a orange robe

40. Author’s Purpose in Mr. Ryan’s Life • I have two dogs – one male and one female • You need to come over and mow my grass in order to get a “B” in my class • Chivas is the best soccer team • After I shave my beard I will glue it back on my face • To inform • To persuade • To express an opinion • To entertain

41. Analogies • Glee is to happy as somber is to • Utopia is to Dystopia as pigmentation is to • Starving is to Anguish as Scars are to • Jonas is to Lily as Fiona is to Bruno • Memories are to Anguish as Lies are to • Vague is to unclear as hue is to • synonyms

42. Vocabulary: The Giver (Summarize The Giver in at least two paragraphs) • Anguish • Grotesque • Recreation • Tempted • Perceive • Transmit • Glee • Reprieve • Inadequate • Optimistic or Pessimistic • Hue or Hueless • Appeal or Bypass • Dwelling or Annex • Nuisance or Burden • Transgression or Infraction • Vague or Vividly • Apprehensive or Chastise

43. Last Slide: Author’s Purpose To Express an Opinion (at least two paragraphs)